Targeting immune checkpoints on myeloid cells: current status and future directions.

Myeloid cells accumulate extensively in most tumors and play a critical role in immunosuppression of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Like T cells, myeloid cells also express immune checkpoint molecules, which induce the immunosuppressive phenotype of these cells. In this review, we summarize the tumor-promoting function and immune checkpoint expression of four types of myeloid cells: macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, which are the main components of the TME.

Risk factors of non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy and central retinal artery occlusion.

Aim: To investigate the difference in risk factors between non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy (NAION) and central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) and develop a predictive diagnostic nomogram.

Methods: The study included 37 patients with monocular NAION, 20 with monocular CRAO, and 24 with hypertension. Gender, age, and systemic diseases were recorded.