Economic Accessibility of Orthodontic Care in India: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background The rising demand for orthodontic services is juxtaposed with concerns regarding economic accessibility for diverse socioeconomic groups. Aim This study aims to investigate the economic accessibility of orthodontic care in India through a comprehensive questionnaire-based approach. Material and methods The survey involved a random sample of 5,000 patients actively seeking orthodontic treatment, recruited from both dental college clinics and private dental practices.

Effectiveness of TENS and Acetaminophen for Pain Control During Orthodontic Treatment: A Comparative Study.

Background: Orthodontic treatment often induces pain, especially post appliance placement. This study compares transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and acetaminophen for orthodontic pain management.

Materials And Methods: A randomized trial included 120 fixed orthodontic patients divided into three groups (n = 40): Group A received TENS, group B received acetaminophen, and group C was the control.

Evaluation of the Effects of TENS Therapy and Acetaminophen on Pain Alleviation in Initial Orthodontic Treatment.

Objective: This prospective study aimed to evaluate the analgesic effects of acetaminophen and Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation (TENS) therapy for pain control.

Methods: Forty orthodontic patients who underwent fixed orthodontic treatment were randomly assigned to one of 3 groups: (1) acetaminophen, (2) TENS therapy, or (3) control. Pain was evaluated at 12, 24, 36, and 48 hours after the placement of both 0.

Treed Gaussian Process Regression for Solving Offline Data-Driven Continuous Multiobjective Optimization Problems.

For offline data-driven multiobjective optimization problems (MOPs), no new data is available during the optimization process. Approximation models (or surrogates) are first built using the provided offline data, and an optimizer, for example, a multiobjective evolutionary algorithm, can then be utilized to find Pareto optimal solutions to the problem with surrogates as objective functions. In contrast to online data-driven MOPs, these surrogates cannot be updated with new data and, hence, the approximation accuracy cannot be improved by considering new data during the optimization process.

Cerebellar tonsillar descent: A diagnostic dilemma between Chiari malformation type 1 and spinal cerebrospinal fluid leak.

Cerebellar tonsillar descent can be seen on head magnetic resonance imaging in both Chiari malformation type 1 and spinal cerebrospinal fluid leak creating the potential for misdiagnosis. We report five cases of spinal cerebrospinal fluid leak at Stanford University initially misdiagnosed and treated as Chiari malformation type 1 based on cerebellar tonsillar descent demonstrated on imaging. All five cases had sustained relief at the 6-month follow up visit from epidural blood patches for the treatment of spinal cerebrospinal leak after unsuccessful suboccipital decompression surgeries.

Identifying Areas for Operational Improvement and Growth in IR Workflow Using Workflow Modeling, Simulation, and Optimization Techniques.

Identifying areas for workflow improvement and growth is essential for an interventional radiology (IR) department to stay competitive. Deployment of traditional methods such as Lean and Six Sigma helped in reducing the waste in workflows at a strategic level. However, achieving efficient workflow needs both strategic and tactical approaches.

Nocardiosis: A Neglected Disease.

Nocardiosis is a neglected tropical disease. It has varied geographical presence and a spectrum of clinical presentations. This review aims to focus on the epidemiology of nocardial infections with a systematic approach to their diagnosis and treatment.

Bioterrorism: Clinical and public health aspects of anthrax.

Bioterrorism is intentional use of bioweapons (bacteria, viruses, or fungi or their toxins) to harm people, animals, agriculture, or environment of a country. Its impact can cause high mortality and morbidity and serious disruption of economy and social and political life. Countries must be fully equipped to respond through adequate surveillance systems and management, containment, and preventive policies.

Cross-country transport and isolation and identification of by use of alternate sources of blood supplemented media among laboratories in India.

Background: The isolation of S. pneumoniae (Sp) depends on specimen integrity / transport, media and expertise. The non-availability of sheep blood agar poses a challenge in identification of colonial morphology and identification in India.

Tropical Fevers in Indian Intensive Care Units: A Prospective Multicenter Study.

Background And Aims: Infections in tropics often present as undifferentiated fevers with organ failures. We conducted this nationwide study to identify the prevalence, profile, resource utilization, and outcome of tropical fevers in Indian Intensive Care Units (ICUs).

Materials And Methods: This was a multicenter prospective observational study done in 34 ICUs across India (July 2013-September 2014).

Drug abuse in paediatric dentistry: a cross-sectional study.

Unlabelled: Compared to adult medicine, drug use in children is not extensively researched.

Objective: The objective of present study is to find out drug prescribing pattern in the Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry and Orthodontics in teaching hospitals in Rajasthan, India.

Methods: A prospective study was conducted in June 2011.

Tropical fevers: Management guidelines.

Tropical fevers were defined as infections that are prevalent in, or are unique to tropical and subtropical regions. Some of these occur throughout the year and some especially in rainy and post-rainy season. Concerned about high prevalence and morbidity and mortality caused by these infections, and overlapping clinical presentations, difficulties in arriving at specific diagnoses and need for early empiric treatment, Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine (ISCCM) constituted an expert committee to develop a consensus statement and guidelines for management of these diseases in the emergency and critical care.

Quantitative assessment of interradicular bone density in the maxilla and mandible: implications in clinical orthodontics.

Background: Bone density at the interradicular area plays an important role during orthodontic treatment. In view of this fact, the study was designed to quantitatively evaluate the bone density at the interradicular areas of the alveolar and basal bones of maxilla and mandible by computed tomography.

Methods: One hundred and nine computed tomographic images were randomly selected, and bone density was measured in Hounsfield units (HU) with bone mineral density software (Siemens VA20A_SP3A).

Antimicrobial resistance among blood culture isolates of Salmonella enterica in New Delhi.

Introduction: Enteric fever is a global public health problem, especially in developing countries. Antimicrobial resistance is a major issue enteric fever management. This study examined current pattern of antimicrobial susceptibility among Salmonella enterica isolates from enteric fever cases at a tertiary care centre in New Delhi, India.

Bone density and its importance in orthodontics.

Background: Researchers have generally focused on tissue reactions occurring within the periodontal ligament and bone to find possible explanation for various clinical phenomena, with less attention being paid to the inherent bone density. Recently, regional differences in jaw anatomy and bone structure including bone density have become important issue to explain some of the variation in clinical practice with respect to tooth movement, implant success rate, anchorage loss etc.

Materials And Methods: The intent of this review is to discuss various methods and classification proposed to determine bone density in particular area and its importance in field of orthodontia.

Non-extraction treatment of skeletal class II malocclusion.

Every orthodontist at some point in his clinical practice has faced the dilemma of how 'best' to manage a mild to moderate Class II malocclusion. To demonstrate the efficacy of Forsus™ Fatigue Resistant Device in the management of Class II malocclusion. A patient having Class II division 1 malocclusion with functional jaw retrusion was treated using MBT 0.

Pantoea agglomerans infection behaving like a tumor after plant thorn injury: an unusual presentation.

Pantoea agglomerans infections in humans are uncommon. Most common infections reported are septic arthritis or synovitis. We report the case of a 25-year-old, healthy male, who presented with indurated swelling over the posterolateral aspect of his right thigh, associated with pain for one month.

Sexually transmitted infections.

In developing countries, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) account for 10% to 20% of adult patients attending government health facilities. A young population, with 36% younger than 15 years, unbalanced male/female ratio(1000:933), increasing urbanization, illiteracy, poverty, sexual promiscuity, and lack of health education account for a high prevalence of STIs. Epidemiologic surveillance system and laboratory diagnostic facilities, especially point-of-care diagnosis, are inadequate in India.