More than an Incidentaloma: The Nonreportable NIPT.

Noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT), which utilizes a maternal blood sample to detect fetal gender and screen for fetal aneuploidy (abnormal chromosomes), is widely used in obstetrics to screen for Trisomies 21, 18, and 13. Per the literature, approximately 0.3% of pregnant woman's results are nonreportable.

Comparison of Three Groups of Patients Having Low Dose Rate Prostate Brachytherapy: Prostate-Specific Antigen Failure and Overall Survival.

Purpose To examine dosimetric and clinical outcomes for Cs-131 radioactive seed implant compared to Pd-103 and I-125.  Background/Significance Cs-131 is a novel isotope with relatively short half-life (9.7 days) that may have clinical advantages in seed implant treatments of prostate cancers.

Phase III Trial Adding Vincristine-Topotecan-Cyclophosphamide to the Initial Treatment of Patients With Nonmetastatic Ewing Sarcoma: A Children's Oncology Group Report.

Purpose: The primary aim of this phase III randomized trial was to test whether the addition of vincristine, topotecan, and cyclophosphamide (VTC) to interval compressed chemotherapy improved survival outcomes for patients with previously untreated nonmetastatic Ewing sarcoma.

Methods: Patients were randomly assigned to receive standard five-drug interval compressed chemotherapy (regimen A) for 17 cycles or experimental therapy with five cycles of VTC within the 17 cycles (regimen B). Patients were stratified by age at diagnosis (< 18 years and ≥18 years) and tumor site (pelvic bone, nonpelvic bone, and extraosseous).

Rare tumors: Retinoblastoma, nasopharyngeal cancer, and adrenocorticoid tumors.

The role of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy for retinoblastoma has evolved considerably over the years with the efficacy of intraarterial chemotherapy and the high incidence of secondary malignant neoplasms following radiation therapy. The use of spot scanning intensity-modulated proton therapy may reduce the risk of secondary malignancies. For pediatric nasopharyngeal carcinoma, the current standard of care is induction chemotherapy followed by chemoradiation therapy.

Management of Prostate Cancer During COVID-19 Pandemic: Perspective From Urologists and Radiation Oncologists in COVID Dense Metro Detroit.

Objective To survey Urologists and Radiation Oncologists in Metropolitan Detroit regarding practice patterns in managing non-metastatic prostate cancer during the pandemic.  Methods An online survey was created to capture the perspective of the impact the COVID-19 restrictions have on the management of prostate cancer by Urologists and Radiation Oncologists in the Detroit Metropolitan area.  Results While most physicians felt that their facilities had adequate quantities of personal protective equipment (PPE), one in four offices reported that they did not have sufficient access to PPE.

Abscopal Effect after Radiosurgery for Solitary Brain Metastasis from Non-small Cell Lung Cancer.

The abscopal effect is a phenomenon relating to the treatment of metastatic cancer in which localized irradiation to a tumor concurrently causes shrinkage of tumors distant from the area of treatment. Localized radiotherapy is thought to cause anti-tumor immunologic responses that lead to regression and remission of cancers distant to the initial location of treatment. We present a 47-year-old male with brain metastasis from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who went into remission following stereotactic radiosurgery treatment to a brain lesion, in the absence of systemic treatment.

The Children's Oncology Group Radiation Oncology Discipline: 15 Years of Contributions to the Treatment of Childhood Cancer.

Purpose: Our aim was to review the advances in radiation therapy for the management of pediatric cancers made by the Children's Oncology Group (COG) radiation oncology discipline since its inception in 2000.

Methods And Materials: The various radiation oncology disease site leaders reviewed the contributions and advances in pediatric oncology made through the work of the COG. They have presented outcomes of relevant studies and summarized current treatment policies developed by consensus from experts in the field.

Radiation and depression associated with complications of tissue expander reconstruction.

Purpose: Rates of implant failure, wound healing delay, and infection are higher in patients having radiation therapy (RT) after tissue expander (TE) and permanent implant reconstruction. We investigated pretreatment risk factors for TE implant complications.

Patients And Methods: 127 breast cancer patients had TE reconstruction and radiation.

Phase II Trial Assessing the Ability of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy With or Without Second-Look Surgery to Eliminate Measurable Disease for Nongerminomatous Germ Cell Tumors: A Children's Oncology Group Study.

Purpose: This phase II trial evaluated the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with or without second-look surgery before craniospinal irradiation on response rates and survival outcomes in children with newly diagnosed non-germinomatous germ cell tumors.

Patients And Methods: Induction chemotherapy consisted of six cycles of carboplatin/etoposide alternating with ifosfamide/etoposide. Patients demonstrating less than complete response after induction chemotherapy were encouraged to undergo second-look surgery.

Three-dimensional visualization and dosimetry of stranded source migration following prostate seed implant.

Purpose: Computed tomographic (CT) imaging was used to determine the displacement of stranded seeds between day 0 and day 30 following prostate seed implants. Post-plan dosimetry was used to assess the dosimetric consequence of strand displacement.

Methods And Materials: Between March 2006 and December 2009, 86 prostate seed implant patients had day 0 and day 30 post-plan CT imaging.

Second solid malignancies among children, adolescents, and young adults diagnosed with malignant bone tumors after 1976: follow-up of a Children's Oncology Group cohort.

Background: The growing number of individuals surviving childhood cancer has increased the awareness of adverse long-term sequelae. One of the most worrisome complications after cancer therapy is the development of second malignant neoplasms (SMNs).

Methods: The authors describe the incidence of solid organ SMN in survivors of pediatric malignant bone tumors who were treated on legacy Children's Cancer Group/Pediatric Oncology Group protocols from 1976 to 2005.

Pathological distribution of positive lymph nodes in patients with clinically and radiologically N0 oropharyngeal carcinoma: implications for IMRT treatment planning.

Background: We identified involved lymph node groups in patients with oropharyngeal carcinoma and radiologically N0 disease, aiming to define the clinical target volume, and to assess the negative predictive value of CT neck and correlate it to the tumor site, stage, and grade.

Methods And Materials: Between 1988 and 2000, we evaluated 53 patients who satisfied all of the following criteria: 1) oropharyngeal carcinoma diagnosis; 2) NO stage based on CT; 3) no prior treatment; and 4) primary surgical resection including ipsi-lateral neck dissection. The pathology reports were reviewed to identify the exact site of lymph node involvement.

Bilateral risk for subsequent breast cancer after lobular carcinoma-in-situ: analysis of surveillance, epidemiology, and end results data.

Purpose: Noninvasive lesions involving the lobules of the breast are increasingly diagnosed as incidental microscopic findings at the time of lumpectomy or core-needle biopsy. We investigated the incidence rates of invasive breast cancer (IBC) after a diagnosis of lobular carcinoma-in-situ (LCIS) by using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data.

Patients And Methods: Patients (N = 4,853) having a diagnosis of primary LCIS in the time period of 1973 to 1998 were identified using the SEER Public Use CD-ROM data.

A population-based study of racial and ethnic differences in survival among women with invasive cervical cancer: analysis of Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data.

Objective: The incidence of cervical cancer is higher in Hispanic than in non-Hispanic or African American women in the United States, but few studies have examined differences in survival between these groups. The objective of this study was to examine racial/ethnic differences in survival after diagnosis with invasive cervical cancer in a population-based sample of patients while adjusting for patient and tumor characteristics and treatment types.

Methods: We identified 7267 women (4431 non-Hispanic Caucasians, 1830 Hispanic Caucasians, and 1006 non-Hispanic African Americans) diagnosed with primary invasive cervical cancer from 1992 to 1996 (with follow-up through 2000) from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program.

Second malignant neoplasms after primary central nervous system malignancies of childhood and adolescence.

The standardized incidence ratios (SIR) and cumulative incidence rates were determined for developing second malignant neoplasms (SMNs) after primary central nervous system (CNS) malignancies occurring during childhood using registry data. A total of 4553 cases of primary CNS malignancies were identified. Forty-six cases developed SMNs, 19 occurring in a previously radiated field.

Osteosarcoma as a second malignant neoplasm.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to compare primary and secondary osteosarcomas using data from the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) program.

Methods: Osteosarcoma cases were identified in the SEER Cancer Incidence Public-Use Database, 1973-96 (1,511 primary and 133 secondary osteosarcomas). Secondary osteosarcomas were further classified as occurring within or outside the previously irradiated field.

Cutaneous melanoma in childhood and adolescence.

Using population-based data from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results Program of the National Cancer Institute, melanoma occurring during childhood was evaluated. Compared to adult cases of melanoma, childhood cases had a higher proportion of females (61%) and non-Caucasians (6.5%).

Design considerations for a computer controlled multileaf collimator for the Harper Hospital fast neutron therapy facility.

The d(48.5) + Be neutron beam from the Harper Hospital superconducting cyclotron is collimated using a unique multirod collimator (MRC). A computer controlled multileaf collimator (MLC) is being designed to improve efficiency and allow for the future development of intensity modulated radiation therapy with neutrons.

Sarcoma as a second malignancy after treatment for breast cancer.

Background: Second malignant neoplasms may be a consequence of radiotherapy for the treatment of breast cancer. Prior studies evaluating sarcomas as second malignant neoplasms in breast cancer patients have been limited by the numbers of patients and relatively low incidence of sarcoma. Using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results registries, we evaluated the influence of radiation therapy on the development of subsequent sarcomas in cases with primary breast cancer.

The 1989 patterns of care study for prostate cancer: five-year outcomes.

Purpose: Five-year results from the 1989 patterns of care study (PCS) for prostate cancer are now ready for analysis. The PCS was initiated to determine national averages for treatments and examine outcomes prospectively; the 1989 prostate study is the first to have collected pre- and post-treatment serum PSA data.

Methods And Materials: Six hundred patients treated with radiotherapy with curative intent for prostate cancer at 71 separate institutions in the year 1989 made up the study population.

Neoadjuvant estramustine and etoposide followed by concurrent estramustine and definitive radiotherapy for locally advanced prostate cancer: feasibility and preliminary results.

Purpose: Current therapy for locally advanced prostate cancer is suboptimal. A treatment regimen was designed to improve systemic control by neoadjuvant targeting of hormone-sensitive and -insensitive micrometastatic disease and to improve local control by escalating the biologic effective dose to the prostate using estramustine (EMP) concurrently with radiotherapy.

Patients And Methods: Eighteen patients with locally advanced prostate cancer (Stages T3/T4 or T1c/T2b/T2c with a Gleason score of > or =7 and a serum PSA >15 ng/ml) were entered onto this trial.