Engineering of Bone- and CD44-Dual-Targeting Redox-Sensitive Liposomes for the Treatment of Orthotopic Osteosarcoma.

This study aimed to develop an efficient step-by-step osteosarcoma (OS)-targeting liposome system functionalized with a redox-cleavable, bone- and cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44)-dual-targeting polymer. Furthermore, the effect of coadministration of a tumor-penetrating peptide, internalizing RGD (iRGD), was investigated. First, a bone-targeting moiety, alendronate (ALN), was conjugated with hyaluronic acid (HA), a ligand for CD44.

Estrogen-functionalized liposomes grafted with glutathione-responsive sheddable chotooligosaccharides for the therapy of osteosarcoma.

An estrogen (ES)-functionalized cationic liposomal system was developed and exploited for targeted delivery to osteosarcoma. Natural biocompatible chotooligosaccharides (COS, MW2-5 KDa) were covalently tethered to the liposomal surface through a disulfate bond (-SS-) to confer reduction-responsive COS detachment, whereas estrogen was grafted via polyethylene glycol (PEG 2 K) chain to achieve estrogen receptor-targeting. The liposomal carriers were prepared by the ethanol injection method and fluorescent anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) was loaded with ammonium sulfate gradient.

Chitooligosaccharides Modified Reduction-Sensitive Liposomes: Enhanced Cytoplasmic Drug Delivery and Osteosarcomas-Tumor Inhibition in Animal Models.

Purpose: To investigate the potential of a reduction-sensitive and fusogenic liposomes, enabled by surface-coating with chotooligosaccharides (COS) via a disulfide linker, for tumor-targeted cytoplasmic drug delivery.

Methods: COS (MW2000-5000) were chemically tethered onto the liposomes through a disulfide linker (-SS-) to cholesterol (Chol). Doxorubicin (DOX) was actively loaded in the liposomes.

Redox-sensitive and hyaluronic acid functionalized liposomes for cytoplasmic drug delivery to osteosarcoma in animal models.

This study aimed to develop redox-sensitive and CD44-targeted liposomes to improve chemotherapy of osteosarcoma. Cationic liposomes were prepared and stabilized with a novel detachable polyethylene glycol (PEG) conjugated with cholesterol through a bio-reducible disulfide linker (Chol-SS-mPEG). Hyaluronic acid (HA, MW 20-40kDa), a ligand to CD44, was non-covalently coated on the cationic liposomes.

The altered tight junctions: an important gateway of bacterial translocation in cachexia patients with advanced gastric cancer.

Unlabelled: Tight junctions (TJs) are the structural basis for the intestinal epithelium barrier. Increased intestinal permeability caused by variations in TJ proteins may result in bacterial translocation (BT). There is increasing evidence that BT might contribute to the occurrence and development of cancer cachexia, but the details are not known.

Combined effect of cytokine gene polymorphisms on end-stage knee osteoarthritis from Chinese Han population.

The mechanism of osteoarthritis (OA) is not well understood. Cytokines have been implicated in the episode, and there is increasing evidence that the host's cytokine response is genetically determined. We determined the predictive value of IL-634G.

[The value of erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein in evaluating disease activity in ankylosing spondylitis].

Objective: To determine whether erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) or C-reactive protein (CRP) is more appropriate in measuring the disease activity in ankylosing spondylitis (AS).

Methods: We studied 126 consecutive patients with AS. The external criteria for disease activity were Cowling clinical assessment of disease activity and the Bath AS disease activity index (BASDAI).

[Experimental study of immunological tolerance induced by cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 immunoglobulin in fresh bone allografts].

Objective: To study the immunological tolerance induced by blocking the second signal of T cell with extrinsic cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 immuno globulin (CTLA4-Ig).

Methods: Fifty-four BALB/C mice, inbred strains, were employed as recipients of bone allografts, using a model of heterotopic muscle pouch. The 54 mice were divided into 3 groups and 18 for each group.

In vitro study of immune tolerance induced by CTLA4-Ig in bone transplantation: The effect on cell proliferation stimulated by lymphocytes and bone supernatant.

To clarify the effect of CTLA4-lg on immune rejection of bone grafts, we observed the effect of CTLA4-lg on lymphocyte proliferation of BALB/C mice stimulated by lymphocytes and bone supernatant of C57BL/6 mice. The splenic lymphocytes and bone supernatant of C57BL/6 mice, as the stimulator cells and stimulator antigens, were cultured in vitro with the splenic lymphocyte of BALB/C mice. At the same time, CTLA4-lg at a dose of 5,10 or 20 &mgr;g/ml and L6 (as control) at 20 &mgr;g/ml were added.