Processing demands modulate the activities and functional connectivity patterns of the posterior (VWFA-1) and anterior (VWFA-2) VWFA.

Previous studies have shown that the visual word form area (VWFA) has structural and intrinsic functional connectivity with both language and attention networks. Nevertheless, it is still unclear how the functional connectivity pattern of the VWFA is regulated by processing demands induced by experimental tasks, and whether processing demands differentially regulate the posterior (VWFA-1) and anterior (VWFA-2) subregions of the VWFA. To address these questions, the present study adopted two tasks varying in processing demands (i.

Complexity of influences on atrazine phytoremediation of coexisting graphene oxide in water: Mitigating its phytotoxicity while decreasing plant removal contribution.

Phytoremediation is an efficient technology for the removal of herbicide atrazine (ATZ) contamination in water bodies, but its ability to reduce ATZ under combined pollution remains unclear, especially ATZ co-existing with the emerging pollutant graphene oxide (GO) that may have potential effects on ATZ fate, plants and microbes. Herein, we investigated the phytoremediation potential of an emergent plant (Iris pseudacorus) for ATZ and the response of bacteria in a hydroponic system with and without GO. The results showed that plants enhanced ATZ dissipation in water with the increased removal rate by a factor of 1.

The association between household and family composition and mental health of the elderly: mediating role of lifestyle.

Background: Mental health in the elderly has multiple determinants, and studies indicate household and family composition, economic status, and family support are key factors. However, these are difficult to modify, and better lifestyle for the elderly can be a possible intervention. The current study examined the mediating role of lifestyle in the association between these three types of the household and family composition (living alone, living with a spouse, and living with children) and mental health in older adults.

Designed Growth of Covalently Bonded WO/PEDOT Hybrid Nanorods Array with Enhanced Electrochromic Performance.

A covalently bonded WO/PEDOT hybrid nanorods array has been prepared through solvothermal, oil bath, and electrochemical deposition methods using KH57 as a coupling agent. The obtained WO/PEDOT shows substantially increased electrochromic performance with an increased response speed (3.4 s for coloring and 1.

The effect of choice on memory across development.

Numerous studies have demonstrated the role of making choices as an internal motivator to improve performance, and recent studies in the domain of memory have focused on adults. To chart the developmental trend of the choice effect on memory, we conducted a series of seven experiments involving children, adolescents, and young adults. Participants (N = 512) aged 5 to 26 years performed a choice encoding task that manipulated the opportunities to choose and then took a memory test.

Leisure activities as reserve mediators of the relationship between loneliness and cognition in aging.

Previous studies have found that loneliness affects cognitive functions in older persons. However, the influence of loneliness on different cognitive fields and the internal mechanism of the relationship are unclear. A total of 4772 older persons aged above 50 years (Mean = 65.

Age-related enhancement of the association between episodic memory and gray matter volume in medial temporal and frontal lobes.

Background: Episodic memory (EM) deteriorates as a result of normal aging as well as Alzheimer's disease. The neural underpinnings of such age-related memory impairments in older individuals are not well-understood. Although previous research has unveiled the association between gray matter volume (GMV) and EM in the elderly population, such findings exhibit variances across distinct age cohorts.

Online and offline effects of parietal 10 Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on working memory in healthy controls.

Parietal alpha activity shows a specific pattern of phasic changes during working memory. It decreases during the encoding and recall phases but increases during the maintenance phase. This study tested whether online rTMS delivered to the parietal cortex during the maintenance phase of a working memory task would increase alpha activity and hence improve working memory.

White Matter Plasticity Underpins Cognitive Gains After Multidomain Adaptive Computerized Cognitive Training.

Background: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of computerized cognitive training (CCT) on white matter (WM) neuroplasticity and neuropsychological performance.

Methods: A total of 128 community older adults (64.36 ± 6.

Improved estimation of general cognitive ability and its neural correlates with a large battery of cognitive tasks.

Elucidating the neural mechanisms of general cognitive ability (GCA) is an important mission of cognitive neuroscience. Recent large-sample cohort studies measured GCA through multiple cognitive tasks and explored its neural basis, but they did not investigate how task number, factor models, and neural data type affect the estimation of GCA and its neural correlates. To address these issues, we tested 1,605 Chinese young adults with 19 cognitive tasks and Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices (RAPM) and collected resting state and n-back task fMRI data from a subsample of 683 individuals.

Parental warmth, stressful life events, and impulsivity: A gene-environment-wide interaction study.

Objective: Impulsivity is influenced by genetic, neural, and environmental factors, but no study has examined how these factors work together to generate individual differences in impulsivity. The present study aimed to define the functional network that subserves impulsivity and test its relations with the gene-environment interactions found in the gene-environment-wide interaction study.

Method: This study used a sample of healthy Chinese college students ( = 1,145) to identify gene-environment interactive effects on impulsivity, then defined the functional brain network related to impulsivity in an independent sample ( = 483), and explored the gene-brain associations using polygenic risk score.

Intersubject similarity in neural representations underlies shared episodic memory content.

Individuals generally form their unique memories from shared experiences, yet the neural representational mechanisms underlying this subjectiveness of memory are poorly understood. The current study addressed this important question from the cross-subject neural representational perspective, leveraging a large functional magnetic resonance imaging dataset ( = 415) of a face-name associative memory task. We found that individuals' memory abilities were predicted by their synchronization to the group-averaged, canonical trial-by-trial activation level and, to a lesser degree, by their similarity to the group-averaged representational patterns during encoding.

Early musical training benefits to non-musical cognitive ability associated with the Gestalt principles.

Musical training has been evidenced to facilitate music perception, which refers to the consistencies, boundaries, and segmentations in pieces of music that are associated with the Gestalt principles. The current study aims to test whether musical training is beneficial to non-musical cognitive ability with Gestalt principles. Three groups of Chinese participants (with early, late, and no musical training) were compared in terms of their performances on the Motor-Free Visual Perception Test (MVPT).

The effect of choice on memory: The role of theta oscillations.

People value the opportunity to exercise control over the environment or make their own choices. Recent studies have revealed that simply having the opportunity to make choices can facilitate memory performance, suggesting an interaction between reward (due to choice making) and memory systems. However, little is known about the electrophysiological basis of choice-related memory.

Promoted dissipation and detoxification of atrazine by graphene oxide coexisting in water.

The herbicide atrazine (ATZ) has a detrimental effect on the health of aquatic ecosystems and has become a global concern in recent years. But the understanding of its persistence and potential toxicity under combined pollution, especially in the coexistence of other emerging pollutants, remains limited. In this work, the dissipation and transformation of ATZ in combination with graphene oxide (GO) in water were investigated.

Cross-stage neural pattern similarity in the hippocampus predicts false memory derived from post-event inaccurate information.

The misinformation effect occurs when people's memory of an event is altered by subsequent inaccurate information. No study has systematically tested theories about the dynamics of human hippocampal representations during the three stages of misinformation-induced false memory. This study replicates behavioral results of the misinformation effect, and investigates the cross-stage pattern similarity in the hippocampus and cortex using functional magnetic resonance imaging.

Influences of Metal Core and Carbon Shell on the Microwave Absorption Performance of Cu-C Core-Shell Nanoparticles.

Metal-C core-shell nanoparticles have been recently demonstrated to be promising candidates for microwave absorption applications. However, the underlying absorption mechanism, such as the contributions of the metal cores and C shells on their absorption performance, remains far from clear due to the complicated interfaces and synergetic effects between metal cores and C shells, as well as the significant challenges in the preparation of samples with well-defined comparability. In this study, Cu-C core-shell nanoparticles and their derivatives, i.

Does perceived support moderate the link between acculturative stress and problematic eating behaviors? The role of family, significant other, and friend support.

Objective: Acculturative stress, often experienced by members of minority groups, is related to problematic eating behaviors. What remains poorly understood is the function of perceived social support in this link. This study evaluated the moderating role of perceived support from family, the significant other, and friends in the association between acculturative stress and problematic eating behaviors, including emotional eating, uncontrolled eating, and cognitive restraint eating.

Altered resting-state functional connectivity in the prefrontal cortex is related to the development of dyscalculia in patients with Turner syndrome.

Aim: Patients with Turner syndrome have a high rate of developmental dyscalculia, but the underlying neurocognitive mechanisms are not well-understood. Some studies have implicated visuospatial impairments in patients with Turner syndrome, but others have focused on poor procedural skills in patients with Turner syndrome. This study used brain imaging data to test these two alternative views.