A CT-based radiomics analyses for differentiating drug‑resistant and drug-sensitive pulmonary tuberculosis.

Background: To explore the value of computed tomography based radiomics in the differential diagnosis of drug-sensitive and drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis.

Methods: The clinical and computed tomography image data of 177 patients who were diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis through sputum culture and completed drug-susceptibility testing from April 2018 to December 2020 at the Second Hospital of Nanjing were retrospectively analyzed. Patients with drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis (n = 78) and drug-sensitive pulmonary tuberculosis (n = 99) were randomly divided into a training set (n = 124) and a validation set (n = 53) at a ratio of 7:3.

Carvedilol to prevent hepatic decompensation of cirrhosis in patients with clinically significant portal hypertension stratified by new non-invasive model (CHESS2306).

Background & Aims: Non-invasive models stratifying clinically significant portal hypertension (CSPH) are limited. Herein, we developed a new non-invasive model for predicting CSPH in patients with compensated cirrhosis and investigated whether carvedilol can prevent hepatic decompensation in patients with high-risk CSPH stratified using the new model.

Methods: Non-invasive risk factors of CSPH were identified via systematic review and meta-analysis of studies involving patients with hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG).

Chinese expert consensus on imaging diagnosis of drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the major infectious diseases in the world with a high incidence rate. Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) is a key and difficult challenge in the prevention and treatment of TB. Early, rapid, and accurate diagnosis of DR-TB is essential for selecting appropriate and personalized treatment and is an important means of reducing disease transmission and mortality.

[Practical Optimization and Application of Time-delay Exposure System for Mobile Digital Radiography Equipment].

This study introduced a time-delay exposure system independent of the mobile digital radiography equipment. The system consisted of lithium battery, delay control circuit, micro electric motor and related auxiliary facilities. When the starting time was reached through the delay circuit, the motor pushed out the rod to squeeze the exposure button and completed the exposure.

An imaging-based machine learning model outperforms clinical risk scores for prognosis of cirrhotic variceal bleeding.

Objectives: To develop and validate a machine learning model based on contrast-enhanced CT to predict the risk of occurrence of the composite clinical endpoint (hospital-based intervention or death) in cirrhotic patients with acute variceal bleeding (AVB).

Methods: This retrospective study enrolled 330 cirrhotic patients with AVB between January 2017 and December 2020 from three clinical centers. Contrast-enhanced CT and clinical data were collected.

Impact of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines on lung injury in B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant-infected patients.

Background: Chest computerized tomography (CT) scan is an important strategy that quantifies the severity of COVID-19 pneumonia. To what extent inactivated COVID-19 vaccines could impact the COVID-19 pneumonia on chest CT is not clear.

Methods: This study recruited 357 SARS-COV-2 B.

Differences in Clinical and Imaging Features between Asymptomatic and Symptomatic COVID-19 Patients.

Objectives: The clinical and imaging features of asymptomatic carriers of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and symptomatic COVID-19 patients.

Methods: The clinical and chest computed tomography imaging data of 47 asymptomatic carriers and 36 symptomatic COVID-19 patients were derived. All patients underwent 4-6 CT scans over a period of 2-5 days.

Spleen volume-based non-invasive tool for predicting hepatic decompensation in people with compensated cirrhosis (CHESS1701).

Background & Aims: Non-invasive stratification of the liver decompensation risk remains unmet in people with compensated cirrhosis. This study aimed to develop a non-invasive tool (NIT) to predict hepatic decompensation.

Methods: This retrospective study recruited 689 people with compensated cirrhosis (median age, 54 years; 441 men) from 5 centres from January 2016 to June 2020.

Clinical features and high-resolution chest computerized tomography findings of children infected by the B.1.617.2 variant of coronavirus disease 2019.

Purpose: To analyse the clinical symptoms, laboratory examinations and chest CT findings of children infected by the B.1.617.

A software program for automated compressive vertebral fracture detection on elderly women's lateral chest radiograph: Ofeye 1.0.

Background: Because osteoporotic vertebral fracture (OVF) on chest radiographs is commonly missed in radiological reports, we aimed to develop a software program which offers automated detection of compressive vertebral fracture (CVF) on lateral chest radiographs, and which emphasizes CVF detection specificity with a low false positivity rate.

Methods: For model training, we retrieved 3,991 spine radiograph cases and 1,979 chest radiograph cases from 16 sources, with among them in total 1,404 cases had OVF. For model testing, we retrieved 542 chest radiograph cases and 162 spine radiograph cases from four independent clinics, with among them 215 cases had OVF.

Computer-Aided Diagnosis of COVID-19 CT Scans Based on Spatiotemporal Information Fusion.

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is highly contagious and pathogenic. Currently, the diagnosis of COVID-19 is based on nucleic acid testing, but it has false negatives and hysteresis. The use of lung CT scans can help screen and effectively monitor diagnosed cases.

Synergy of hypoxia relief and heat shock protein inhibition for phototherapy enhancement.

Background: Phototherapy is a promising strategy for cancer therapy by reactive oxygen species (ROS) of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and hyperthermia of photothermal therapy (PTT). However, the therapeutic efficacy was restricted by tumor hypoxia and thermal resistance of increased expression of heat shock protein (Hsp). In this study, we developed albumin nanoparticles to combine hypoxia relief and heat shock protein inhibition to overcome these limitations for phototherapy enhancement.

SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody levels are correlated with severity of COVID-19 pneumonia.

The emerging coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a serious global public health threat. With more and more recovered patients, it is urgently needed for evaluation of the neutralizing antibody (NAb) in these patients. In this study, we collected blood samples from 49 patients recently recovered from COVID-19.

Comparison of clinical characteristics between patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) who retested RT-PCR positive versus negative: a retrospective study of data from Nanjing.

Background: The epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been reported. However, the prevalence of retesting positive by RT-PCR for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and the associated patient characteristics, remain unclear.

Methods: We included 90 confirmed cases of COVID-19 treated in the Nanjing Public Health Center from January 20, 2020 to February 16, 2020 in this retrospective study.

Enzyme-free electrochemical biosensor based on double signal amplification strategy for the ultra-sensitive detection of exosomal microRNAs in biological samples.

Growing evidence suggests that exosomes-encapsulated miRNAs detection is of paramount significance in early diagnostics of cancer due to protection from degradation by ribonuclease. However, exosomal microRNAs with low abundance and subtle variation have restricted their clinical application. Herein, an electrochemical biosensor for highly sensitive detection of exosomal microRNAs has been fabricated based on the double signal amplification strategy.

Clinical Use of Short-Course and Low-Dose Corticosteroids in Patients With Non-severe COVID-19 During Pneumonia Progression.

The emerging coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a serious public health concern with a high number of fatalities. It is unclear whether corticosteroids could be a candidate for an early intervention strategy for patients with COVID-19. In this retrospective cohort study, we analyzed data from 28 corticosteroid-treated patients with non-severe but advanced COVID-19, in which short-course and low-dose corticosteroids were administered because of unremitting or worsening clinical conditions during hospitalization.

Clinical characteristics and changes of chest CT features in 307 patients with common COVID-19 pneumonia infected SARS-CoV-2: A multicenter study in Jiangsu, China.

Objective: The study was aimed to describe the clinical characteristics and evaluate the dynamic changes of chest CT features in the first three weeks in the common type fo COVID-19 pneumonia patients in Jiangsu Province.

Methods: 307 patients infected SARS-CoV-2 classified as common type were enrolled in the study. 628 chest CT scans were divided into three groups based on the time interval between symptoms and chest CT scan.

Underlying Cryptococcal Diseases and the Correlation With Serum Cryptococcal Antigen Titers in Hospitalized HIV-Infected Patients Screened Positive for Cryptococcal Antigenemia.

The prevalence of different underlying cryptococcal diseases in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients screened positive for cryptococcal antigenemia and the association between cryptococcal diseases and serum cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) titers were understudied. HIV-infected patients with CD4 < 200 cells/ul, admitted to the second hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing, China, from January 2016 to September 2019, were retrospectively analyzed. Integrated into routine HIV care, all these patients were screened for cryptococcal antigenemia with CrAg lateral flow assay.

Clinical characteristics of 24 asymptomatic infections with COVID-19 screened among close contacts in Nanjing, China.

Previous studies have showed clinical characteristics of patients with the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and the evidence of person-to-person transmission. Limited data are available for asymptomatic infections. This study aims to present the clinical characteristics of 24 cases with asymptomatic infection screened from close contacts and to show the transmission potential of asymptomatic COVID-19 virus carriers.