Bladder cancer: non-coding RNAs and exosomal non-coding RNAs.

Bladder cancer (BCa) is a highly prevalent type of cancer worldwide, and it is responsible for numerous deaths and cases of disease. Due to the diverse nature of this disease, it is necessary to conduct significant research that delves deeper into the molecular aspects, to potentially discover novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Lately, there has been a significant increase in the focus on non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), due to their growing recognition for their involvement in the progression and manifestation of BCa.

Reduced nitrite accumulation at the primary nitrite maximum in the cyclonic eddies in the western North Pacific subtropical gyre.

Nitrite, an intermediate product of the oxidation of ammonia to nitrate (nitrification), accumulates in upper oceans, forming the primary nitrite maximum (PNM). Nitrite concentrations in the PNM are relatively low in the western North Pacific subtropical gyre (wNPSG), where eddies are frequent and intense. To explain these low nitrite concentrations, we investigated nitrification in cyclonic eddies in the wNPSG.

A multicenter retrospective study of transurethral prostate split for benign prostate hyperplasia.

Background: Transurethral split of the prostate (TUSP) is effective in treating benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). However, there is still a lack of research focusing on the optimal target population for TUSP. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of TUSP in patients with different prostate volumes or ages.

Activity and safety of SHR3680, a novel antiandrogen, in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: a phase I/II trial.

Background: Antagonizing the androgen-receptor (AR) pathway is an effective treatment strategy for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Here, we report the results of a first-in-human phase 1/2 study which assessed the safety, pharmacokinetics, and activity of SHR3680 (a novel AR antagonist) in patients with metastatic CRPC.

Methods: This phase 1/2 study enrolled patients with progressive metastatic CRPC who had not been previously treated with novel AR-targeted agents.

Nutrient regulation of biological nitrogen fixation across the tropical western North Pacific.

Nitrogen fixation is critical for the biological productivity of the ocean, but clear mechanistic controls on this process remain elusive. Here, we investigate the abundance, activity, and drivers of nitrogen-fixing diazotrophs across the tropical western North Pacific. We find a basin-scale coherence of diazotroph abundances and N fixation rates with the supply ratio of iron:nitrogen to the upper ocean.

Comparison between a transurethral prostate split and transurethral prostate resection for benign prostatic hyperplasia treatment in a small prostate volume: a prospective controlled study.

Background: Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) was considered the golden standard to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) for decades. However, TURP was associated with low efficiency to alleviate the lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and a significantly higher risk of bladder neck contracture (BNC) for patients with small-volume BPH. Our study aims to compare the therapeutic effect of a transurethral split of the prostate (TUSP) with TURP for patients with small-volume BPH (<30 mL).

The diagnostic value of prostate cancer between holmium laser enucleation of the prostate and transurethral resection of the prostate for benign prostatic hyperplasia: A retrospective comparative study.

Background: To compare the diagnostic value of prostate cancer (PCa) between holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) and transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP).

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 2909 patients who underwent surgery for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) from January 2008 to June 2018. A total of 1362 patients received HoLEP, and 1547 patients received TURP.

Diagnosis of CO dynamics and fluxes in global coastal oceans.

Global coastal oceans as a whole represent an important carbon sink but, due to high spatial-temporal variability, a mechanistic conceptualization of the coastal carbon cycle is still under development, hindering the modelling and inclusion of coastal carbon in Earth System Models. Although temperature is considered an important control of sea surface CO, we show that the latitudinal distribution of global coastal surface CO does not match that of temperature, and its inter-seasonal changes are substantially regulated by non-thermal factors such as water mass mixing and net primary production. These processes operate in both ocean-dominated and river-dominated margins, with carbon and nutrients sourced from the open ocean and land, respectively.

Adjuvant hormone therapy after radical prostatectomy in high-risk localized and locally advanced prostate cancer: First multicenter, observational study in China.

Objective: Potential of combined androgen blockade (CAB) has not been explored extensively in Chinese males with prostate cancer (PCa). Therefore, this study evaluated the 2-year prostate-specific antigen (PSA) recurrence rate and quality of life (QoL) in patients with high-risk localized and locally advanced PCa receiving adjuvant hormone therapy (HT) after radical prostatectomy (RP).

Methods: This prospective, multicenter, observational study conducted in 18 centers across China enrolled patients with high-risk factor (preoperative PSA>20 ng/mL or Gleason score >7) or locally advanced PCa.

Comparison of Diode Laser (980 nm) Enucleation Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate for the Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: A Randomized Controlled Trial with 12-Month Follow-Up.

To compare the clinical efficacy and safety between diode laser (980 nm) enucleation of the prostate (DiLEP) and holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) for treating benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). One hundred twenty-six BPH patients in our hospital from December 2016 to December 2017 were enrolled in this study. They were randomized to the DiLEP group or HoLEP group, which were administrated with DiLEP and HoLEP treatment, respectively.

Thymol inhibits bladder cancer cell proliferation via inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.

Thymol is a phenolic compound with various pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial and anti-tumor effects. However, the effect of thymol on bladder cancer cell growth is still elusive. The purpose of this study is to investigate the efficacy of thymol in bladder cancer cells and its underlying mechanism.

[Transurethral resection of the prostate versus transurethral holmium laser enucleation of the prostate for benign prostatic hyperplasia with bladder detrusor overactivity].

Objective: To compare and analyze the effects of transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) and transurethral holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) with bladder detrusor overactivity.

Methods: his study included 51 cases of BPH with bladder detrusor overactivity treated by TURP and another 58 treated by HoLEP. We evaluated the urination of the two groups of patients during the recovery period and at 3 and 6 months postoperatively.

Results of a randomized, double-blind, active-controlled clinical trial with propiverine extended release 30 mg in patients with overactive bladder.

Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of the 30 mg extended release (ER) formulation of propiverine hydrochloride with the 4 mg ER formulation of tolterodine tartrate in patients with overactive bladder (OAB) in a non-inferiority trial.

Patients And Methods: Eligible patients, aged 18-75 years and with symptoms of OAB, were enrolled in this multicentre, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, active-controlled study. After a 2-week screening period, patients were randomized at a 1:1 ratio to receive either propiverine ER 30 mg or tolterodine ER 4 mg daily during the 8-week treatment period.

Minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy versus endoscopic combined intrarenal surgery with flexible ureteroscope for partial staghorn calculi: A randomised controlled trial.

Background: To compare the efficacy and safety of simultaneous percutaneous nephrolithotomy combined with flexible ureteroscopic lithotripsy in Galdakao-Modified Supine Valdivia position (GMSV) with minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy (MPCNL) for partial staghorn calculi.

Methods: 67 patients with partial staghorn calculi were randomly divided into two groups. In MPCNL Group, conventional MPCNL was performed in the prone position.

Abiraterone acetate for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer after docetaxel failure: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 bridging study.

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of abiraterone acetate-prednisone versus placebo-prednisone in Asian metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients who have failed docetaxel-based chemotherapy.

Methods: In this double-blind, phase 3 study from China, 214 patients were randomized (2:1) to abiraterone acetate 1000 mg once daily plus prednisone 5 mg twice daily and placebo plus prednisone 5 mg twice daily in 28-day treatment cycles.

Results: Abiraterone acetate-prednisone treatment significantly decreased prostate-specific antigen progression risk by 49%, with longer median time to prostate-specific antigen progression of 5.

A2B Adenosine Receptor Agonist Improves Erectile Function in Diabetic Rats.

Diabetes is an important risk factor for erectile dysfunction (ED). Recent studies have indicated that A2B adenosine receptor (ADORA2B) signaling is essential for penile erection. Thus, we hypothesize that diabetic ED may be attributed to impaired A2B adenosine signaling.

The Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Ureteroscopic Laser Papillotomy to Treat Intraductal Papillary Calculi Associated With Medullary Sponge Kidney.

Objective: To evaluate the safety, efficacy, and durability of ureteroscopic laser papillotomy for the treatment of radiographically visible intraductal papillary calculi and/or free collecting system calculi associated with medullary sponge kidney (MSK).

Methods: The medical records of 25 MSK patients who underwent ureteroscopic laser papillotomy were reviewed at our institution from 2010 to 2013. The follow-up was made in our outpatient department.

A comparative study to analyze the efficacy and safety of flexible ureteroscopy combined with holmium laser lithotripsy for residual calculi after percutaneous nephrolithotripsy.

A certain proportion of patients with initial Percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PCNL) management require ancillary procedures to increase the stone-free rate. In this study, we aim to analyze the efficacy and safety of flexible ureteroscopy combined with holmium laser lithotripsy (F-UL) for treatment of residual calculi after PCNL by comparison with extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (SWL). Total of 96 patients with residual renal calculi (4 mm to 20 mm) after PCNL was enrolled from May 2010 to March 2013.

siRNA targeting survivin inhibits growth and induces apoptosis in human renal clear cell carcinoma 786-O cells.

We investigated the inhibitory effect of small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting survivin gene on cell proliferation and apoptosis in human renal clear cell carcinoma 786-O cells. qRT-PCR, immunocytochemistry, and Western Blot were used to detect Survivin gene expression in 786-O cells. Cell proliferation was determined by BrdU assay and PCNA expression.

[Diagnostic value of lesion-directed prostate biopsy under TRUS in early detection of prostate cancer].

Objective: To evaluate lesion-directed biopsy in improving the detection rate of early prostate cancer (PCa) and in differentiating PCa from other prostate pathological changes.

Methods: We performed TRUS-guided prostate biopsy for 95 patients suspected of PCa, each subjected to extended random biopsy plus lesion-directed biopsy, and analyzed the sonographic characteristics and pathological findings.

Results: PCa was detected in 35 of the patients (36.

Four-arm robotic partial nephrectomy for complex renal cell carcinoma.

Objectives: Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN) remains challenging to even experienced laparoscopists. Complex renal tumors add an additional challenge to a minimally invasive approach to nephron-sparing surgery (NSS). We represented our technique and results of robotic partial nephrectomy (RPN) for hilar, endophytic, and multiple renal tumors.

Estrogen receptor expression in adrenocortical carcinoma.

Objective: Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare but highly malignant tumor, and its diagnosis is mostly delayed and prognosis is poor. We report estrogen receptor (ER) expression in this tumor and our clinical experiences with 17 ACC cases.

Methods: The data of the 17 patients (9 females and 8 males, age range from 16 to 69 years, mean age of 42.

Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate: the safety, efficacy, and learning experience in China.

Purpose: Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) is a well established procedure for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Here we report our experience of the learning curve, efficacy, and safety of HoLEP.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed data from 190 consecutive patients who had undergone HoLEP for benign prostatic hyperplasia.