Confining WS hierarchical structures into carbon core-shells for enhanced sodium storage.

The growing demand for clean energy has heightened interest in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) as promising candidates for large-scale energy storage. However, the sluggish reaction kinetics and significant volumetric changes in anode materials present challenges to the electrochemical performance of SIBs. This work introduces a hierarchical structure where WS is confined between an inner hard carbon core and an outer nitrogen-doped carbon shell, forming HC@WS@NCs core-shell structures as anodes for SIBs.

Constructing hierarchical CuS hollow spheres as efficient anode for aqueous zinc-ion batteries.

In recent years, aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) have emerged as a prominent research topic due to their inherent safety attributes, relatively low cost, and comparatively higher energy density. However, the challenges associated with the zinc metal anode in the form of dendrite formation, hydrogen evolution, and severe side reactions have proven to be particularly vexing. Thus, it is imperative to investigate novel intercalation-type anode materials for ZIBs that exhibit exceptional structural properties and appropriate redox potentials based on conversion mechanisms.

Constructing hierarchical MoS/WS heterostructures in dual carbon layer for enhanced sodium ions batteries performance.

The escalating global demand for clean energy has spurred substantial interest in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) as a promising solution for large-scale energy storage systems. However, the insufficient reaction kinetics and considerable volume changes inherent to anode materials present significant hurdles to enhancing the electrochemical performance of SIBs. In this study, hierarchical MoS/WS heterostructures were constructed into dual carbon layers (HC@MoS/WS@NC) and assessed their suitability as anodes for SIBs.

Competitive adsorption of heavy metals onto xanthate-modified sludge hydrochar and its solidification as secondary minerals.

In this study, a sulfur-modified magnetic hydrochar was synthesized by grafting thiol-containing groups onto the sludge-derived hydrochar. The modified hydrochar exhibited effective adsorption of Cu, Pb, Zn, and Cd over a wide pH range and in the presence of coexisting ions, and showed almost no secondary leaching in three acidic solutions. In the mult-metal ion system, the modified hydrochar exhibited maximum adsorption capacities were 39.

Tracking of the conversion and transformation pathways of dissolved organic matter in sludge hydrothermal liquids during Cr(VI) reduction using FT-ICR MS.

In this study, the remediation effects of two types of sludge (ferric-based flocculant and non-ferric-based flocculant) on Cr(VI)-polluted wastewater were evaluated to clarify the key components in sludge hydrothermal solutions responsible for reducing Cr(VI) and understand the underlying molecular-level transformation mechanisms. The results revealed that the primary reactions during the hydrothermal processes were deamination and decarboxylation reactions. Correlation analysis highlighted proteins, reducing sugars, amino groups, and phenolic hydroxyl groups as the major contributors.

Effects of production temperature on the molecular composition and seed-germination-promoting properties of sludge-based hydrochar-derived dissolved organic matter.

Sludge hydrothermal carbonization demonstrates potential for converting sludge into multifunctional carbon materials for soil remediation. However, the influence of dissolved organic matter (DOM) with unclear molecular characteristics in sludge-based hydrothermal carbon on plant growth has not been sufficiently investigated. Herein, the effects of hydrothermal temperature on the molecular transformation pathways and plant-growth-promoting properties of DOM were investigated via FT-ICR MS-based molecular network analyses and seed germination experiments.

Co-hydrothermal carbonization of polyvinyl chloride and lignocellulose biomasses: Influence of biomass feedstock on fuel properties and combustion behaviors.

Co-hydrothermal carbonization (co-HTC) of lignocellulose biomass (LB) and chlorinated waste could produce value-added co-hydrochar while simultaneously removing inorganic metal salts and organic chlorine to the liquid phase. However, there is a lack of understanding of the influence of LB feedstocks on the fuel properties and combustion behaviors of co-hydrochars. Therefore, co-hydrochars derived from co-HTC of pine, bamboo, corncob, wheat stalk, and corn stalk with polyvinyl chloride (PVC) at the mass ratio of 9:1 under 260 °C for 30 min were tested.

Co-hydrothermal carbonization of polyvinyl chloride and lignocellulose biomasses for chlorine and inorganics removal.

Co-hydrothermal carbonization (co-HTC) of lignocellulose biomass (LB) and chlorinated waste can simultaneously remove organic chlorine and inorganics, however, the interaction mechanisms are unclear owing to the variety of operating conditions and complexity of biomass compositions. Pine, bamboo, corncob, corn stalk, and wheat straw were co-hydrothermally carbonized with polyvinyl chloride (PVC) at the mass ratio of 9:1 for 30 min under 260 °C to explore the fundamental interactions. The synergistic index (SI) of dechlorination efficiency ranged from -20.

Inorganic Lead-Free B-γ-CsSnI Perovskite Solar Cells Using Diverse Electron-Transporting Materials: A Simulation Study.

B-γ-CsSnI perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are simulated employing diverse electron-transporting layers (ETLs, including TiO, ZnO, SnO, GaN, C, and PCBM), and a comparative study has been made. Both regular and inverted planar structures are simulated. Effects of the thickness of absorbers and ETLs, doping of ETLs, and interface trap states on the photovoltaic performance are studied to optimize the device structures.