Novel, abundant Drosha isoforms are deficient in miRNA processing in cancer cells.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small noncoding RNAs about 22-nucleotide (nt) in length that collectively regulate more than 60% of coding genes. Aberrant miRNA expression is associated with numerous diseases, including cancer. miRNA biogenesis is licenced by the ribonuclease (RNase) III enzyme Drosha, the regulation of which is critical in determining miRNA levels.

AGO-bound mature miRNAs are oligouridylated by TUTs and subsequently degraded by DIS3L2.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) associated with Argonaute proteins (AGOs) regulate gene expression in mammals. miRNA 3' ends are subject to frequent sequence modifications, which have been proposed to affect miRNA stability. However, the underlying mechanism is not well understood.

Deep Sequencing and Screening of Differentially Expressed MicroRNAs Related to Milk Fat Metabolism in Bovine Primary Mammary Epithelial Cells.

Milk fat is a key factor affecting milk quality and is also a major trait targeted in dairy cow breeding. To determine how the synthesis and the metabolism of lipids in bovine milk is regulated at the miRNA level, primary mammary epithelial cells (pMEC) derived from two Chinese Holstein dairy cows that produced extreme differences in milk fat percentage were cultured by the method of tissue nubbles culture. Small RNA libraries were constructed from each of the two pMEC groups, and Solexa sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were then used to determine the abundance of miRNAs and their differential expression pattern between pMECs.

[Preparation and characterization of polyclonal antibodies against haplotype chicken natural killer cell receptor B-NK19 and B-NK21].

Objective: To express natural killer (NK) cell inhibitory receptor gene B-NK of B19 and B21 haplotype chicken, which show different susceptible to various avian diseases, using prokaryotic expression system, and to prepare B-NK19 and B-NK21-specific rabbit polyclonal antibodies.

Methods: B-NK genes of B19 (named as B-NK19) and B21 (named as B-NK21) chicken were amplified by reverse transcription PCR from peripheral blood lymphocytes of one B19 or B21 chicken, respectively, and then inserted into an expression vector of pET-30a. The recombinant plasmids of pET-B-NK19 and pET-B-NK21 were transformed into E.

Duck hepatitis A virus (DHAV) genotype definition: comment on the article by Cha et al.

Duck hepatitis A virus (DHAV) is genetically divided into three different genotypes: the original type DHAV-1, a type recently isolated in Taiwan (DHAV-2), and a recently described type isolated in South Korea and China (DHAV-3). Recently, Cha et al. (2013) concluded that the existence that both DHAV-1 and DHAV-2 had been classified into one branch, with DHAV genotype 3 (DHAV-3) in another, and that the phylogenetic distance unit showed was 0.

Comments on duck circovirus (DuCV) genotype definition.

A standardised methodology has been used to define genotypes based on pairwise sequence comparisons (PASC). PASC is a widely accepted method in virus taxonomy, which is based on the histogram of pairwised differences among sequences. Recently, Zhang et al.

Construction of fat1 Gene Expression Vector and Its Catalysis Efficiency in Bovine Fetal Fibroblast Cells.

The FAT-1 protein is an n-3 fatty acid desaturase, which can recognize a range of 18- and 20-carbon n-6 substrates and transform n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) into n-3 PUFAs while n-3 PUFAs have beneficial effect on human health. Fat1 gene is the coding sequence from Caenorhabditis elegans which might play an important role on lipometabolism. To reveal the function of fat1 gene in bovine fetal fibroblast cells and gain the best cell nuclear donor for transgenic bovines, the codon of fat1 sequence was optimized based on the codon usage frequency preference of bovine muscle protein, and directionally cloned into the eukaryotic expression vector pEF-GFP.

A comparative profile of the microRNA transcriptome in immature and mature porcine testes using Solexa deep sequencing.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding regulatory RNAs that play key roles in many diverse biological processes such as spermatogenesis. However, no study has been performed on the miRNA transcriptome of developing porcine testes. Here, we employed Solexa deep sequencing technology to extend the repertoire of porcine testis miRNAs and extensively compare the expression patterns of sexually immature and mature porcine testes.