Host-guest-induced electronic state triggers two-electron oxygen reduction electrocatalysis.

Supramolecular polymers possess great potential in catalysis owing to their distinctive molecular recognition and dynamic crosslinking features. However, investigating supramolecular electrocatalysts with high efficiency in oxygen reduction reaction to hydrogen peroxide (ORHP) remains an unexplored frontier. Herein, we present organic polymers for ORHP by introducing cyclodextrin-containing noncovalent building blocks, affording these supramolecules with abundant dynamic bonds.

Micro-Structure Engineering in Pd-InO Catalysts and Mechanism Studies for CO Hydrogenation to Methanol.

Significant interest has emerged for the application of Pd-InO catalysts as high-performance catalysts for CO hydrogenation to CHOH. However, precise active site control in these catalysts and understanding their reaction mechanisms remain major challenges. In this investigation, a series of Pd-InO catalysts were synthesized, revealing three distinct types of active sites: In-O, Pd-O(H)-In, and PdIn.

Topology Control of Covalent Organic Frameworks with Interlaced Unsaturated 2D and Saturated 3D Units for Boosting Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Peroxide Production.

Modulating the electronic state of multicomponent covalent organic framework (COF) electrocatalysts is crucial for enhancing catalytic activity. However, the effect of dimensionality on their physicochemical functionalities is still lacking. Herein, we report an interlaced unsaturated 2D and saturated 3D strategy to develop multicomponent-regulated COFs with tunable gradient dimensionality for high selectivity and activity electrocatalysis.

Positional Thiophene Isomerization: A Geometric Strategy for Precisely Regulating the Electronic State of Covalent Organic Frameworks to Boost Oxygen Reduction.

With the oxygen conversion efficiency of metal-free carbon-based fuel cells dramatically improved, the building blocks of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) raised principal concerns on the catalytic active sites with indistinct electronic states. Herein, to address this issue, we demonstrate COFs for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) by regulating the edge-hanging thiophene units, and the molecular geometries are further modulated via positional thiophene isomerization strategy, affording isomeric COF-α with 2-substitution and COF-β with 3-substitution on the frameworks. The electronic states and intermediate adsorption ability are well-regulated through geometric modification, resulting in controllable chemical activity and local density of π-electrons.

Tensile-Strained Holey Pd Metallene toward Efficient and Stable Electrocatalysis.

Noble metal-based metallenes are attracting intensive attention in energy catalysis, but it is still very challenging to precisely control the surface structures of metallenes for higher catalytic properties on account of their intrinsic thermodynamic instability. Herein, the synthesis of tensile-strained holey Pd metallene by oxidative etching is reported using hydrogen peroxide, which exhibits highly enhanced catalytic activity and stability in comparison with normal Pd metallene toward both oxygen reduction reaction and formic acid oxidation. The pre-prepared Pd metallene functions as a catalyst to decompose hydrogen peroxide, and the Pd atoms in amorphous regions of Pd metallene are preferentially removed by the introduced hydrogen peroxide during the etching process.

and Classification Based on Visible Capsule Images Using a Modified MobileNetV3-Small Network with Transfer Learning.

Traditional identification methods for and (PSPR) consume much time and labor, require strict experimental conditions, and usually cause damage to the plant. This work presents a novel method for fast, accurate, and nondestructive identification of PSPR. First, to fill the gap in the PSPR dataset, we construct a PSPR visible capsule image dataset.

Interleukin-35 dampens T helper 22 phenotype shift in CD4CD25CD127 regulatory T cells in primary biliary cholangitis.

The phenotype shift in regulatory T cells (Tregs) contributes to immunopathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. The current study was aimed to investigate the regulatory function of interleukin-35 (IL-35) to T helper 22 (Th22) cell phenotype shift in Tregs in primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). Fifty-five PBC patients and twenty-four controls were enrolled.

Metal-Free Carbon-Based Covalent Organic Frameworks with Heteroatom-Free Units Boost Efficient Oxygen Reduction.

Accurate identification of carbon-based metal-free electrocatalyst (CMFE) activity and enhancing their catalytic efficiency for O conversion is an urgent and challenging task. This study reports a promising strategy to simultaneously develop a series of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with well-defined heterocyclic-free biphenyl or fluorenyl units. Unlike heteroatom doping, the developed method not only supplies methyl-induced molecular configuration to promote activity, but also provides a direct opportunity to identify heteroatom-free carbon active centers.

OsGF14b is involved in regulating coarse root and fine root biomass partitioning in response to elevated [CO] in rice.

Elevated [CO] can increase rice biomass and yield, but the degree of this increase varies substantially among cultivars. Little is known about the gene loci involved in the acclimation and adaptation to elevated [CO] in rice. Here, we report on a T-DNA insertion mutant in japonica rice exhibiting a significantly enhanced response to elevated [CO] compared with the wild type (WT).

Annexin A2 degradation contributes to dopaminergic cell apoptosis via regulating p53 in neurodegenerative conditions.

Background: P53 overexpression has been shown to involve in mitochondria-mediated dapaminergic neuron cell death in Parkinson's disease. However, the exactly molecular mechanisms responsible for the p53-dependent intrinsic cell death in neurodegenerative conditions remain unclearly. Annexin A2 is a multifunctional protein that negatively regulates p53 expression.

Ru-incorporated CoO nanoparticles from self-sacrificial ZIF-67 template as efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts for rechargeable metal-air battery.

Ru-incorporated CoO nanoparticles have been synthesized from self-sacrificial ZIF-67 template and utilized as efficient electrocatalysts towards oxygen reduction and evolution reactions (ORR and OER). Amongst, Ru@CoO-1.0 exhibited the optimum electrocatalytic behavior with an ultra-low potential gap (0.

Polyhedral cobalt oxide supported Pt nanoparticles with enhanced performance for toluene catalytic oxidation.

Polyhedral CoO was synthesized by calcination of Co-based metal-organic framework ZIF-67 and highly dispersed Pt nanoparticles were successfully loaded on CoO. The catalytic results showed that Pt/CoO had the best activity and stability. As compared with conventional CoO, polyhedral CoO showed more excellent catalytic oxidation performance of toluene, which was related to enhanced oxygen mobility, defective structure and rich active oxygen species provided by Polyhedral CoO.

Catalytic mechanism and pathways of 1, 2-dichloropropane oxidation over LaMnO perovskite: An experimental and DFT study.

The rational comprehension on the catalytic mechanism and pathways of chlorinated volatile organic compounds (CVOCs) oxidation is meaningful for the design of high performance catalytic materials. Herein, we attempted to elucidate the catalytic mechanism and pathways of 1, 2-dichloropropane (1, 2-DCP) oxidation over LaMnO perovskite from experimental and theoretical studies. Experimental results indicate that the initial dechlorination of 1, 2-DCP into allyl chloride (AC) can be readily achieved over LaMnO, while the further decomposition of AC is more vulnerable to be affected by the reaction conditions and strongly dependent on the surface active oxygen species.

In-situ fabrication of a spherical-shaped Zn-Al hydrotalcite with BiOCl and study on its enhanced photocatalytic mechanism for perfluorooctanoic acid removal performed with a response surface methodology.

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), a widely used compound, is harmful to the environment and human health. In this study, a facile one pot solvothermal method of integrating BiOCl with Zn-Al hydrotalcite to form spherical-shaped BiOCl/Zn-Al hydrotalcite (B-BHZA) sample is reported. The characteristics and main factors affecting photocatalytic PFOA and photocatalytic mechanism of BiOCl/Zn-Al hydrotalcite (B-BHZA) are systematically investigated.

Three-dimensionally macroporous MnZrO catalysts for propane combustion: Synergistic structure and doping effects on physicochemical and catalytic properties.

Three-dimensionally macroporous (3DM) MnZrO catalysts were fabricated to reveal the structure and Zr-doping effects on both physicochemical properties and propane combustion behaviors. The increasing addition of zirconium is favorable for the formation of 3DM structure and amorphous Mn-Zr solid solution, leading to tunable physicochemical properties. The significant activity improvement after zirconium addition was originally attributable to the superior redox ability, higher oxygen mobility and more abundant oxygen vacancy.

High-Performance Ag-Cu Nanoalloy Catalyst for the Selective Catalytic Oxidation of Ammonia.

High-performance Ag-Cu alloy nanoparticles (NPs) were successfully synthesized by a solventless mix-bake-wash method and tested for NH-SCO. The prepared AgCu catalyst with a perfect Ag-Cu alloy structure exhibited better (200 °C, the temperature at which 100% NH conversion was obtained), higher reaction rates, and lower compared to that with ordinary bimetallic Ag-Cu (AgCuO). The characterization data revealed much smaller Ag-Cu alloy nanoparticles of the AgCu catalyst and more Ag/Cu metallic species on the surface, which can increase the amount of chemisorbed surface oxygen (O) and enhance NH adsorption and activation in the low-temperature range, therefore leading to a much higher NH-SCO activity.

Hierarchical FeO@carbon@MnO hybrid for electromagnetic wave absorber.

In this work, a novel FeO@C@MnO hybrid was successfully synthesized via facile method. The morphology, structure, chemical composition, magnetic behavior and EM wave absorbing performance of the hybrid were systematically investigated. Results indicate that the hybrid possesses uniform hierarchical and mesoporous structure.

Nickel nanoparticles inlaid in lignin-derived carbon as high effective catalyst for lignin depolymerization.

Ni nanoparticles inlaid in lignin-derived carbon constructing the "inlaid type" Ni/C-I was reported to improve stability and adjust metal-support interaction of lignin hydrogenolysis catalyst. The Ni/C-I was further heat treated in air to prepare Ni/C-R so as to re-expose the blocked active sites by carbon species. A lot of characterization techniques were carried out to confirm the "inlaid structure" of the catalysts.

Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 alpha (HNF1A) regulates transcription of O-GlcNAc transferase in a negative feedback mechanism.

O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT)-catalyzed protein O-GlcNAcylation is implicated in diverse cellular events. In the present study, we report the regulation of ogt transcription by the hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 homologue A (HNF1A) in HEK293T cells. We first identified a core ogt promoter (-150 to +200 bp) and confirmed its binding to the transcription factor HNF1A.

Self-emulsifying drug delivery system improves preventive effect of curcuminoids on chronic heart failure in rats.

Several studies have reported the preventive or therapeutic effect of curcuminoids on chronic heart failure (CHF), but their application was limited due to low solubility and bioavailability. Our previous study indicates that self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS) improves the solubility and bioavailability of curcuminoids. Thus, the aim of this work was to investigate whether SEDDS could improve preventive effect of curcuminoids on CHF in rats.

An immunosuppressive function of interleukin-35 in chronic hepatitis C virus infection.

Interleukin (IL)-35, a newly identified member of the IL-12 cytokine family, has been reported to suppress inflammation and induce immunotolerance. However, little is known regarding the role of IL-35 during chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Herein, we measured the serum IL-35 concentration of 73 patients with hepatitis C and 22 healthy individuals, as well as further investigated the modulatory function of IL-35 on CD4CD25CD127 regulatory T cells (Tregs) and on hepatocytes infected with HCV in cell culture (HCVcc).

High in vivo antitumor activity of cobalt oxoisoaporphine complexes by targeting G-quadruplex DNA, telomerase and disrupting mitochondrial functions.

Two G-quadruplex ligands: [Co(H-L)Cl] (Co1) and [Co(L)][CoCl]⋅2HO (Co2) have been synthesized and characterized. Two cobalt oxoisoaporphine complexes exhibited selective cytotoxicity to SK-OV-3/DDP cells than for HL-7702 cells. Cytotoxic mechanism studies indicated that both Co1 and Co2 were telomerase inhibitor targeting c-myc, telomere, and bcl-2 G4s, and triggering cell senescence and apoptosis, which caused S phase arrest.

ZIF-8 Cooperating in TiN/Ti/Si Nanorods as Efficient Anodes in Micro-Lithium-Ion-Batteries.

Zeolite imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) nanoparticles embedded in TiN/Ti/Si nanorod (NR) arrays without pyrolysis have shown increased energy storage capacity as anodes for lithium ion batteries (LIBs). A high capacity of 1650 μAh cm(-2) has been achieved in this ZIF-8 composited multilayered electrode, which is ∼100 times higher than the plain electrodes made of only silicon NR. According to the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) characterizations, the improved diffusion of lithium ions in ZIF-8 and boosted electron/Li(+) transfer by the ZIF-8/TiN/Ti multilayer coating are proposed to be responsible for the enhanced energy storage ability.

[Effects of nitrogen application rates on apparent soil nitrogen surplus of late sowing wheat with straw returning in rice-wheat rotation].

Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of varying rates of nitrogen application on soil mineral nitrogen content, amount of nitrogen released from the straw, and grain yield of late sowing wheat with straw returning. The result showed that a high nitrogen fertilizer application rate enhanced the mineral nitrogen content in the soil layer of 0 to 50 cm, and also in the lower soil layers when using N at 270 and 360 kg · hm(-2) with the advance of growth stages. The amount of nitrogen released form the straw increased as the nitrogen application rate increased; the lowest appeared from overwintering to jointing, and the highest from jointing to maturity.