Synthesis and Performance of Double-Chain Quaternary Ammonium Salt Glucosamide Surfactants.

A series of double-chain quaternary ammonium salt surfactants -['[3-(gluconamide)] propyl-'-alkyl]propyl-,-dimethyl--alkyl ammonium bromide (CDDGPB, where n represents a hydrocarbon chain length of 8, 10, 12, 14 and 16) were successfully synthesized from D (+)-glucose δ-lactone, ,-dimethyldipropylenetriamine, and bromoalkane using a two-step method consisting of a proamine-ester reaction and postquaternization. Their surface activity, adsorption, and aggregation behavior in aqueous solution were investigated via measurements of dynamic/static surface tension, contact angle, dynamic light scattering, and transmission electron microscopy. An analysis of their application performance in terms of wettability, emulsifying properties, toxicity, and antibacterial properties was conducted.