Expert consensus on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infections in children.

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading global cause of respiratory infections and is responsible for about 3 million hospitalizations and more than 100,000 deaths annually in children younger than 5 years, representing a major global healthcare burden. There is a great unmet need for new agents and universal strategies to prevent RSV infections in early life. A multidisciplinary consensus development group comprising experts in epidemiology, infectious diseases, respiratory medicine, and methodology aims to develop the current consensus to address clinical issues of RSV infections in children.

[Association of infection with environmental and climatic factors in Suzhou, China].

Objectives: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of respiratory (HI) infection in children in Suzhou, China and its association with climatic factors and air pollutants.

Methods: The data on air pollutants and climatic factors in Suzhou from January 2016 to December 2019 were collected. Respiratory secretions were collected from 7 940 children with acute respiratory infection who were hospitalized during this period, and bacterial culture results were analyzed for the detection of HI.

Association of children wheezing diseases with meteorological and environmental factors in Suzhou, China.

Wheezing diseases are one of the major chronic respiratory diseases in children. To explore the effects of meteorological and environmental factors on the prevalence of children wheezing diseases, clinical data of children hospitalized with wheezing diseases in Suzhou, China from 2013 to 2017 were collected. Meteorological and environmental factors from 2013 to 2017 were obtained from the local Meteorological Bureau and Environmental Protection Bureau.

[Comparative Study of Clinical Manifestations and Sleep Structure in Children with Obstructive Sleep Apnea-hypopnea Syndrome with Different BMI].

Objective: To compare and analyze the clinical manifestations and sleep structure of children with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopneasyndrome (OSAHS) with different body mass index (BMI).

Methods: 452 children who were diagnosed with OSAHS between December 2016 and February 2021 by the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Soochow University were included in the study. All of them did polysomnography (PSG).

The diagnostic value of serological tests and real-time polymerase chain reaction in children with acute infection.

Background: This study set out to evaluate the clinical significance and diagnostic effectiveness of serological tests and real-time polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCR) in children of different age groups and disease durations infected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP).

Methods: Pediatric patients with lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were enrolled and subjected to bronchoalveolar lavage fluid PCR (BALF-PCR) for MP infection. The diagnostic values of the serum immunoglobulin M (IgM) test, paired sera immunoglobulin G (IgG) test, RT PCR applied to nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPA-PCR), and combined IgM and NPA-PCR test were evaluated.

Multisystem smooth muscle dysfunction syndrome in a Chinese girl: A case report and review of the literature.

Background: Multisystemic smooth muscle dysfunction syndrome (MSMDS) is a rare genetic disease worldwide. The main mutation is the actin alpha 2 () gene p.R179H.

c.753_754delAG, a novel mutation found in a Chinese patient with cystic fibrosis: A case report and review of the literature.

Background: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is rare in Asian populations relative to the Caucasian population. In this paper, we report the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) variation in a family of Chinese CF patients, and systematically review the previous literature.

Case Summary: Here we report a 30-month-old Chinese girl who was diagnosed with CF based on her history and symptoms such as recurrent productive cough, wheezing with repeated infection of , and parasinusitis.

The role of miR-29c/B7-H3/Th17 axis in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia.

Background: Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) is one of the most common causes of community-acquired pneumonia in children. Recent studies demonstrated that the incidence of severe or fatal M.

LPS expands MDSCs by inhibiting apoptosis through the regulation of the GATA2/let-7e axis.

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) represent a group of immature myeloid cells composed of myeloid progenitor cells and immature myeloid cells that can negatively regulate immune responses by inhibiting T-cell function. In mice, MDSCs are broadly defined by the expression of CD11b and Gr1. We and others have shown that injection of a lethal or sublethal dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into mice could result in the expansion of MDSCs in the bone marrow (BM), spleen and blood.

Melanoma-released exosomes directly activate the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway of CD4 T cells through their microRNA cargo.

Tumor-derived exosomes (TEX) play an important role in the escape of tumor cells from immune surveillance. However, the details of the mechanism are not fully understood. In this study, the apoptosis of CD4 T cells increased during treatment with B16-derived exosomes in vitro and in vivo, resulting in accelerated growth of melanoma cells in mice.

Etiology and Clinical Characteristics of Community-Acquired Pneumonia with Airway Malacia in Children.

Objective: The objective of this article is to study the etiology of community-acquired pneumonia in children with airway malacia.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 428 pneumonia patients. All patients underwent bronchoscopy, and bronchoalveolar lavage samples were processed for microbiological assessment.

Differentiation between mycoplasma and viral community-acquired pneumonia in children with lobe or multi foci infiltration: a retrospective case study.

Objectives: To analyse the clinical features, inflammatory markers and radiographs of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) cases with lobe or multi foci infiltration; with a special focus on factors which allow the differential diagnosis of viral and mycoplasma pneumonia.

Setting: Retrospective chart review of CAP cases in a large university teaching hospital.

Participants: 126 paediatric CAP cases, with lobe or multi foci infiltration, presenting between May 2012 and April 2013.

[Comparison of clinical features and co-infection between pneumonia caused by influenza virus A and pneumonia caused by influenza virus B among children].

Objective: To compare the clinical features and co-infection between pneumonia caused by influenza virus A (IVA) and pneumonia caused by influenza virus B (IVB) among children.

Methods: A total of 165 children with pneumonia caused by influenza virus (IV) were included in the study. These subjects were divided into IVA(n=71) and IVB pneumonia groups (n=94) according to the subtypes of IV.

[Changes of exhaled nitric oxide and peripheral blood eosinophils in children with asthma].

Objective: This study examined the levels of exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) and peripheral blood eosinophils (EOS) as well as the correlation between the two markers in children with bronchial asthma (AS),AS complicated by allergic rhinitis (AS/AR) and chronic cough variant asthma (CVA), in order to explore the value of eNOS detection in children with AS.

Methods: The eNO level was measured using light-emitting electrochemical photometry in 12 children with AS, 29 children with AS/AR and 10 children with CVA. Peripheral blood EOS was counted by blood cell counter (Coulter JT).

[Etiology of pneumonia in hospitalized patients less than 3 years of age].

Objective: To understand the etiology of pneumonia in hospitalized patients less than 3 years of age.

Methods: A total of 316 children with pneumonia admitted to the Children's Hospital of Suzhou University in Jiangsu Province from March, 2006 to January, 2007 were enrolled in this study. Sputum samples were obtained by deep nasotracheal aspiration technique for bacterial and viral cultures.

[Effect of 1-year specific immunotherapy with standardized house dust mite vaccine on mild to moderate allergic asthmatic patients].

Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of specific immunotherapy (SIT) with standardized house dust mite (HDM) vaccine on allergic asthmatic patients.

Methods: The investigation was a multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study. 132 patients with mild to moderate asthma who were allergic to HDM, recruited from three hospitals of China (The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical College, Shenyang General Military Hospital, Suzhou Children's Hospital), were randomly allocated to the active group (n = 66) or the control group (n = 66) respectively.