Effects of Cactus Polysaccharide on Pasting, Rheology, Structural Properties, In Vitro Digestibility, and Freeze-Thaw Stability of Rice Starch.

This study combined rice starch (RS) with cactus polysaccharide (CP) at different composites (0.6%, 1.2%, 1.

A background parenchymal enhancement quantification framework of breast magnetic resonance imaging.

Background: Background parenchymal enhancement (BPE) is defined as the enhanced proportion of normal fibroglandular tissue on enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. BPE shows promise as a quantitative imaging biomarker (QIB). However, the lack of consensus among radiologists in their semi-quantitative grading of BPE limits its clinical utility.

Correction: One-step mild preparation of tough and thermo-reversible poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels induced by small molecules.

Correction for 'One-step mild preparation of tough and thermo-reversible poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels induced by small molecules' by Chuang Dong , , 2021, , 3789-3792, https://doi.org/10.1039/D1CC00578B.

Light-Transmitting Lithium Aluminosilicate Glass-Ceramics with Excellent Mechanical Properties Based on Cluster Model Design.

In this study, for the first time, a cluster-plus-glue-atom model was used to optimize the composition of lithium aluminosilicate glass-ceramics. Basic glass in glass-ceramics was considered to be a 16-unit combination of three-valence {MO} and one-valence {LiO} units. By adjusting the ratio of {MO} and {LiO}, the composition of basic glass could be optimized.

Native Oxidation and Complex Magnetic Anisotropy-Dominated Soft Magnetic CoCrFeNi-Based High-Entropy Alloy Thin Films.

Soft magnetic high-entropy alloy thin films (HEATFs) exhibit remarkable freedom of material-structure design and physical-property tailoring, as well as, high cut-off frequencies and outstanding electrical resistivities, making them potential candidates for high-frequency magnetic devices. In this study, a CoCrFeNi film with excellent soft magnetic properties is developed by forming a novel core-shell structure via native oxidation, with ferromagnetic elements Fe, Co, and Ni as the core and the Cr oxide as the shell layer. The core-shell structure enables a high saturation magnetization, enhances the electrical resistivity, and thus reduces the eddy-current loss.

Oxidation Behavior of Carbon Fibers in Ceramizable Phenolic Resin Matrix Composites at Elevated Temperatures.

Carbon fiber fabric-reinforced phenolic resin composites are widely used as thermal protection materials for thermal protection systems in hypersonic vehicles and capsules. In this work, carbon fiber fabric-reinforced boron phenolic resin composites modified with MoSi and BC were prepared via a compression molding technique. The high-temperature performance of the composites as well as the oxidation behavior of the carbon fibers was studied.

Viral infection engenders bona fide and bystander subsets of lung-resident memory B cells through a permissive mechanism.

Lung-resident memory B cells (MBCs) provide localized protection against reinfection in respiratory airways. Currently, the biology of these cells remains largely unexplored. Here, we combined influenza and SARS-CoV-2 infection with fluorescent-reporter mice to identify MBCs regardless of antigen specificity.

Composition formulas of solid-solution alloys derived from chemical-short-range orders.

Solid solutions are the basis for most industrial alloys. However, the relationships between their characteristic short-range orders and chemical compositions have not been established. The present work combines Cowley parameter α with our cluster-plus-glue-atom model to accurately derive the chemical units of binary solid-solution alloys of face-centered cubic type.

Structure of an AlCuCo decagonal quasicrystal studied by Cs-corrected STEM.

During the last several decades, since the discovery of a decagonal quasicrystal, a 2 nm cluster model has been widely accepted as its basic quasi-unit-cell (QUC). Instead of the traditional 2 nm QUC, a 3.2 nm QUC is proposed in this paper.

Interpretation of Specific Strength-Over-Resistivity Ratio in Cu Alloys.

Reaching simultaneously high mechanical strength and low electrical resistivity is difficult as both properties are based on similar microstructural mechanisms. In our previous work, a new parameter, the tensile strength-over-electrical resistivity ratio, is proposed to evaluate the matching of the two properties in Cu alloys. A specific ratio of 310 × 10 MPa·Ω·m, independent of the alloy system and thermal history, is obtained from Cu-Ni-Mo alloys, which actually points to the lower limit of prevailing Cu alloys possessing high strength and low resistivity.

Quantitative analysis of FQs antibiotics content in FMF using THz spectral and imaging technology.

Rapid and accurate detection of fluoroquinolones (FQs) antibiotics residues in food substrate are of great significance to food safety. In this study, terahertz spectroscopy was employed to conduct the spectral and imaging analysis to explore its feasibility for detection concentrations of FQs in fish meal feeds (FMF). Four methods (frequency of maximum difference in frequency-domain, characteristic absorption peak, successive projections algorithm and stepwise regression) were used to selected characteristic frequencies of sample.

NF-κB-dependent IRF1 activation programs cDC1 dendritic cells to drive antitumor immunity.

Conventional type 1 dendritic cells (cDC1s) are critical for antitumor immunity. They acquire antigens from dying tumor cells and cross-present them to CD8 T cells, promoting the expansion of tumor-specific cytotoxic T cells. However, the signaling pathways that govern the antitumor functions of cDC1s in immunogenic tumors are poorly understood.

One-step mild preparation of tough and thermo-reversible poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels induced by small molecules.

To overcome shortcomings of the traditional freeze-thaw method for PVA hydrogel preparation, we develop a one-step mild method, which induces PVA crystallization to form hydrogels through small molecules containing hydroxyl and carboxyl groups. The obtained hydrogels showed high mechanical properties, untypical plasticity with short gelation time and repeatable sol-gel transformation.

Composition equivalents of stainless steels understood via gamma stabilizing efficiency.

The phase-type of a stainless steel is generally predicted by equivalent equations in terms of a major austenitic (γ) or ferritic (α) stabilizer Ni or Cr. The present paper attempts to understand the equivalent methods in stainless steels via the slopes of the phase boundary lines separating γ and γ + α phase zones. The prevailing equivalent coefficients are well interpreted using the slope ratios of the alloying elements divided by that of Ni or Cr, after analyzing over one hundred common stainless steels.

Bio-Based Hotmelt Adhesives with Well-Adhesion in Water.

We suggest a simple idea of bio-based adhesives with strong adhesion even under water. The adhesives simply prepared via polycondensation of 3,4-dihydroxyhydrocinnamic acid (DHHCA) and lactic acid (LA) in one pot polymerization. Poly(DHHCA--LA) has a hyperbranched structure and demonstrated strong dry and wet adhesion strength on diverse material surfaces.

A Novel Soft-Magnetic B2-Based Multiprincipal-Element Alloy with a Uniform Distribution of Coherent Body-Centered-Cubic Nanoprecipitates.

Multiprincipal-element alloys (MPEAs), including high-entropy alloys, are a new class of materials whose thermodynamical properties are mainly driven by configuration entropy, rather than enthalpy in the traditional alloys, especially at high temperatures. Herein, the design of a novel soft-magnetic nonequiatomic, quaternary MPEA is described, via tuning its chemical composition to deliberately manipulate its microstructure, such that it contains ultrafine ferromagnetic body-centered-cubic (BCC) coherent nanoprecipitates (3-7 nm) uniformly distributed in a B2-phase matrix. The new alloy Al Co Fe Cr exhibits high saturation magnetization (M  = 135.

Composition rules of Ni-base single crystal superalloys and its influence on creep properties via a cluster formula approach.

The present work investigated the composition evolution of the TMS series of Ni-base single crystal (SC) superalloys in light of the cluster formula approach systematically. The cluster formula of SC superalloys could be expressed with [Formula: see text], in which all the alloying elements were classified into three groups, Al series ([Formula: see text]), Cr series ([Formula: see text]), and Ni series ([Formula: see text]). It was found that the total atom number (Z) of the cluster formula units for TMS series of superalloys varies from Z ~ 17 to Z ~ 15.

Novel kind of decagonal ordering in AlCrFe.

A high-angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy study of the intermetallic compound AlCrFe reveals a quasiperiodic structure significantly differing from the ones known so far. In contrast to the common quasi-unit-cells based on Gummelt decagons, the present structure is related to a covering formed by Lück decagons, which can also be described by a Hexagon-Bow-Tie tiling.

Structural relationship between crystalline and amorphous states in Cu-(Zr, Ti) binary systems.

This paper focuses on the revelation of structural relationship of the ordered and disordered states in Cu-(Zr, Ti) binary systems. The atomic radial distributions in real space and the electron scattering behavior in reciprocal space between crystalline and amorphous phases are compared. The spherical-periodic order, characteristic of disordered structures, is clearly present in the crystalline phases, suggesting the structural homology of crystalline and the corresponding amorphous states.

Corrigendum: FB5P-seq: FACS-Based 5-Prime End Single-Cell RNA-seq for Integrative Analysis of Transcriptome and Antigen Receptor Repertoire in B and T Cells.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.

Corrigendum: FB5P-seq: FACS-Based 5-Prime End Single-Cell RNA-seq for Integrative Analysis of Transcriptome and Antigen Receptor Repertoire in B and T Cells.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.

The activation trajectory of plasmacytoid dendritic cells in vivo during a viral infection.

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are a major source of type I interferon (IFN-I). What other functions pDCs exert in vivo during viral infections is controversial, and more studies are needed to understand their orchestration. In the present study, we characterize in depth and link pDC activation states in animals infected by mouse cytomegalovirus by combining Ifnb1 reporter mice with flow cytometry, single-cell RNA sequencing, confocal microscopy and a cognate CD4 T cell activation assay.

Integrative molecular profiling of autoreactive CD4 T cells in autoimmune hepatitis.

Background & Aims: In most autoimmune disorders, crosstalk of B cells and CD4 T cells results in the accumulation of autoantibodies. In autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), the presence of anti-soluble liver antigen (SLA) autoantibodies is associated with reduced overall survival, but the associated autoreactive CD4 T cells have not yet been characterised. Herein, we isolated and deeply characterised SLA-specific CD4 T cells in patients with AIH.

FB5P-seq: FACS-Based 5-Prime End Single-Cell RNA-seq for Integrative Analysis of Transcriptome and Antigen Receptor Repertoire in B and T Cells.

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) allows the identification, characterization, and quantification of cell types in a tissue. When focused on B and T cells of the adaptive immune system, scRNA-seq carries the potential to track the clonal lineage of each analyzed cell through the unique rearranged sequence of its antigen receptor (BCR or TCR, respectively) and link it to the functional state inferred from transcriptome analysis. Here we introduce FB5P-seq, a FACS-based 5'-end scRNA-seq method for cost-effective, integrative analysis of transcriptome and paired BCR or TCR repertoire in phenotypically defined B and T cell subsets.

Exploration of phase structure evolution induced by alloying elements in Ti alloys via a chemical-short-range-order cluster model.

The prominent comprehensive properties of solid-solution- and intermetallic-based Ti alloys are derived from their diverse microstructures induced by multi-component alloying, which results in a chemical composition complexity. A cluster-plus-glue-atom model, characterizing the chemical short-range orders, was introduced to explore the relationships among the local atomic distributions of alloying elements in different phase structures of Ti alloys, including α-Ti, β-Ti, ω-Ti, α-TiAl, γ-TiAl, O-TiAlNb, and B2-Ti(Al,Nb). Specific cluster structural units, i.