Mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy versus retrograde intrarenal surgery for the treatment of 10-20-mm kidney stones in patients with ileal conduit: a comparative study.

Background: Both mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy (mPNL) and retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) are two major strategies for the endourological management of kidney stones. In the current study, we aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of mPNL and RIRS for the treatment of 10-20 mm kidney stones in patients with ileal conduit.

Methods: Patients with a history of bladder cancer and ileal conduit who had undergone mPNL or RIRS for unilateral kidney stones 10-20 mm in size between January 2015 and June 2022 were retrospectively included.

A Novel Methylation Marker NRN1 plus TERT and FGFR3 Mutation Using Urine Sediment Enables the Detection of Urothelial Bladder Carcinoma.

Background: Aberrant DNA methylation is an early event during tumorigenesis. In the present study, we aimed to construct a methylation diagnostic tool using urine sediment for the detection of urothelial bladder carcinoma, and improved the diagnostic performance of the model by incorporating single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sites.

Methods: A three-stage analysis was carried out to construct the model and evaluate the diagnostic performance.

The use of Ga-PSMA PET/CT to stratify patients with PI-RADS 3 lesions according to clinically significant prostate cancer risk.

Background: Prostate imaging reporting and data system (PI-RADS) category 3 lesions represent a "gray zone," having an equivocal risk of presenting as clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa). Ga-labelled prostate-specific membrane antigen ( Ga-PSMA) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) has been identified as a diagnostic tool that can help to predict cases of primary PCa. We aimed to explore diagnostic value of Ga-PSMA PET/CT for csPCa in PI-RADS 3 lesions to aid in decision-making and avoid unnecessary biopsies.

Urine Cellular DNA Point Mutation and Methylation for Identifying Upper Tract Urinary Carcinoma.

Background: To improve the selection of patients for ureteroscopy, avoid excessive testing and reduce costs, we aimed to develop and validate a diagnostic urine assay for upper tract urinary carcinoma (UTUC).

Methods: In this cohort study we recruited 402 patients from six Hunan hospitals who underwent ureteroscopy for hematuria, including 95 patients with UTUC and 307 patients with non-UTUC findings. Midstream morning urine samples were collected before ureteroscopy and surgery.

False-positive mpMRI and true-negative Ga-PSMA PET/CT xanthogranulomatous prostatitis: a case report.

Background: Xanthogranulomatous prostatitis (XGP) is a rare disorder of the prostate. It presents as a hard fixed nodule on digital rectal examination (DRE), and may cause obstructive urinary symptoms and elevated serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, therefore mimicking prostate cancer (PCa) clinically and biochemically. Radiological features of XGP overlap with those of PCa, and the 2 conditions cannot be distinguished by pelvic multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI).

Comparison of Ga-PSMA PET/CT and multiparametric MRI for the detection of low- and intermediate-risk prostate cancer.

Purpose: To assess Ga-PSMA PET/CT for detection of low- and intermediate-risk prostate cancer (PCa), high-risk PCa in comparison with mpMRI, respectively, and to determine which of low- and intermediate-risk PCa are more likely to be detected by Ga-PSMA PET/CT.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients who had undergone a prostate biopsy and/or radical prostatectomy and who were scanned with Ga-PSMA PET/CT and mpMRI between June 2019 and March 2021. The mpMRI images were scored with the Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System Version 2.

Animal models of benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and associated lower urinary tract symptoms are common clinical concerns that affect aging men all over the world. The underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms remain elusive. Over the past few years, a number of animal models of BPH, including spontaneous model, BPH-induction model, xenograft model, metabolic syndrome model, mechanical obstruction model, and transgenic model, have been established that may provide useful tools to fill these critical knowledge gaps.