Mapping ApoE/Aβ binding regions to guide inhibitor discovery.

Blocking the interaction between the E4 isoform of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) and amyloid beta-peptide (Aβ) may be an avenue for pharmacological intervention in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The main regions of interaction of the two proteins are, respectively, ApoE244-272 and Aβ12-28. These protein segments are too large to facilitate the design of small molecule inhibitors.

Cyclen-hybrid compound captures copper to protect INS-1 cells from islet amyloid polypeptide cytotoxicity by inhibiting and lysing effects.

Human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) deposit is the hallmark of type 2 diabetes pathology. Here, we report that apo-cyclen, attached to a specific hIAPP recognition motif (NYGAIL), captured copper ions and became proteolytically active. This cyclen-NYGAIL-copper complex was able to interfere with hIAPP aggregation and cleave hIAPP.

Dual functions of beta-amyloid oligomer and fibril in Cu(II)-induced H2O2 production.

Amyloid-beta (Abeta) aggregation and Cu(II)-related oxidative stress are involved in the dysfunction and death of neurons in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the relationship between Abeta and Cu(II) is not clear. Furthermore, the pro- or anti-oxidant properties of Abeta are also under great debate.