Gestational cholestasis induced intrauterine growth restriction through triggering IRE1α-mediated apoptosis of placental trophoblast cells.

Epidemiological and animal experimental studies suggest an association between gestational cholestasis and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Here, we explored the mechanism through which gestational cholestasis induced IUGR. To establish gestational cholestasis model, pregnant mice were subcutaneously injected with 17α-Ethynylestradiol (E2) on gestational day 13 (GD13)-GD17.

[Hurthle cell thyroid tumor: an analysis of 28 cases].

Objective: To explore the clinical features and the combined treatment modality of Hurthle cell thyroid tumor (HCT).

Methods: Twenty-eight cases of HCT treated between 2001 and 2009 were analyzed retrospectively.

Results: The age of the patients ranged from 18 to 72 years (with a median of 46.