Dual Role of Hepatic Macrophages in the Establishment of the Metacestode in Mice.

larvae, predominantly located in the liver, cause a tumor-like parasitic disease, alveolar echinococcosis (AE), that is characterized by increased infiltration of various immune cells, including macrophages, around the lesion that produces an "immunosuppressive" microenvironment, favoring its persistent infection. However, the role of hepatic macrophages in the host defense against infection remains poorly defined. Using human liver tissues from patients with AE and a hepatic experimental mouse model of , we investigated the phenotype and function of hepatic macrophages during the parasite infection.

A case of a vaginal Brenner tumor without a gland mimicking a borderline tumor: unusual morphology and diagnostic pitfalls.

Brenner tumor is a rare neoplasm of the vagina. This tumor is diagnosed according to the criteria of ovarian tumors. We report here a 64-year-old postmenopausal woman with a 2.

Functions and mechanisms of chemokine receptor 7 in tumors of the digestive system.

Chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 7 (CXCR7), recently termed ACKR3, belongs to the G protein-coupled cell surface receptor family, binds to stromal cell-derived factor-1 [SDF-1, or chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12] or chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 11, and is the most common chemokine receptor expressed in a variety of cancer cells. SDF-1 binds to its receptor chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4 (CXCR4) and regulates cell proliferation, survival, angiogenesis and migration. In recent years, another new receptor for SDF-1, CXCR7, has been discovered, and CXCR7 has also been found to be expressed in a variety of tumor cells and tumor-related vascular endothelial cells.

Primary hepatic neuroendocrine carcinoma coexisting with distal cholangiocarcinoma: A case report and review of the literature.

Introduction: Although primary hepatic neuroendocrine carcinomas, whose prognostic mechanisms remain unclear, are rare, coexistence of neuroendocrine carcinomas and other tumors is rarer. In this report, we describe a unique case of coexistence between primary hepatic neuroendocrine carcinoma and a distal cholangiocarcinoma in the pancreas.

Patient Concerns: A 64-year-old woman with a history of diabetes, but none of hepatitis, was admitted to hospital because of intermittent epigastric distension and pain discomfort for more than 1 month aggravated 1 day.

Thioredoxin peroxidase secreted by Echinococcus granulosus (sensu stricto) promotes the alternative activation of macrophages via PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.

Background: Larvae of Echinococcus granulosus (sensu lato) dwell in host organs for a long time but elicit only a mild inflammatory response, which indicates that the resolution of host inflammation is necessary for parasite survival. The recruitment of alternatively activated macrophages (AAMs) has been observed in a variety of helminth infections, and emerging evidence indicates that AAMs are critical for the resolution of inflammation. However, whether AAMs can be induced by E.

Evaluation of the diagnostic value of the immunoblotting and ELISA tests using recombinant Em18 antigen in human alveolar echinococcosis from Xingjiang China.

Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a prevalent epidemic in the northern hemisphere, especially in central Europe and western China. Serum diagnosis is important for patients with AE, especially during the first screening. The present study purified the recombinant Em18-GST (rEm18-GST), and detected its diagnostic performance in human alveolar echinococcosis patients of Xinjiang, China with immunoblotting (IB) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

CXCR7/CXCL12 axis is involved in lymph node and liver metastasis of gastric carcinoma.

Aim: To investigate the role of CXC chemokine receptor (CXCR)-7 and CXCL12 in lymph node and liver metastasis of gastric carcinoma.

Methods: In 160 cases of gastric cancer, the expression of CXCR7 and CXCL12 in tumor and matched tumor-adjacent non-cancer tissues, in the lymph nodes around the stomach and in the liver was detected using immunohistochemistry to analyze the relationship between CXCR7/CXCL12 expression and clinicopathological features and to determine whether CXCR7 and CXCL12 constitute a biological axis to promote lymph node and liver metastasis of gastric cancer. Furthermore, the CXCR7 gene was silenced and overexpressed in human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells, and cell proliferation, migration and invasiveness were measured by the MTT, wound healing and Transwell assays, respectively.

Neuroendocrine Neoplasms of the Major Duodenal Papilla With Focus on Histopathological Features and Prognosis.

Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are generally indolent and progress slowly. However, NENs of major duodenal papilla are uncommon. We retrospectively assessed relevant clinicopathological findings in 9 consecutive patients treated for major duodenal papilla NENs by pancreaticoduodenectomy in our hospital from 2009 to 2013.

Perinodular ductular reaction/epithelial cell adhesion molecule loss in small hepatic nodules.

Aim: To investigate if loss of epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is associated with microinvasion in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) in the presence of chronic hepatitis B.

Methods: The expression of EpCAM, cytokeratin 7 (CK7) and CK19 in 112 hepatic nodules was studied, including 20 HCCs with nodules ≤ 3 cm, 26 HCCs with nodules > 3 cm, 20 high-grade dysplastic nodules, 26 cirrhotic, large regenerative nodules and 20 cases of cirrhosis.

Results: Membranes of ductular reaction (DR) hepatobiliary cells, interlobular bile duct and some hepatic cells were positive for EpCAM expression.

[Diagnostic value of absent ductular reaction at hepatocellular-stromal boundaries in early stage hepatocellular carcinoma].

Objective: To investigate the role of absent ductular reaction (DR) at hepatocellular-stromal boundaries in early stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B.

Methods: Cytokeratin (CK)7 and CK19 expression was detected by the SP immunohistochemistry method in 112 hepatic nodules taken from 20 cases of early HCC, 26 cases of HCC with nodules more than 3 cm, 20 cases of high-grade dysplastic nodule (HGDN), 26 cases of low-grade dysplastic nodule (LGDN), and 20 cases of cirrhosis (CIR). DR/CK7 and DR/CK19 were assessed separately on a semi-quantitative scale and statistically analyzed.

[Echinococcus multilocularis infection leads to increased expression of proliferation and anti-apoptosis factors in liver cells in BALB/c mice].

Objective: To investigate the effects of Echinococcus multilocularis on host liver cell proliferation in vivo using a BALB/c mouse alveolar hydatid infection model.

Methods: Sixty-five 8-10-week-old female BALB/c mice were randomly divided into an experimental group (n = 40) and a control group (n = 25) and administered an abdominal injection into the left liver lobe of E. multilocularis protoscolices in saline solution or saline solution alone, respectively.

[Effect of Echinococcus granulosus cyst fluid on the proliferation of HepG2 cells].

Objective: To investigate whether Echinococcus granulosus cyst fluid-infected host liver cells had differential expression of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) or differential cell cycle activity.

Methods: Human liver cells cultured with different concentrations of hydatid cyst fluid (HCF) were tested by the MTT method to determine effects on proliferation. The cell cycle was assessed by flow cytometry.

The status of phosphorylated p38 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is a member of the MAPK family, which is initially found to be activated by stress stimuli, proinflammatory cytokines, and growth factors. However, its role in the pathogenesis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is largely unkown, so we investigate the role of phosphorylated p38 (p-p38) MAPK in ESCC. First of all, in vitro cell line ECa109, SB203580 as selective inhibitor of p38, can suppress the growth of esophageal cancer cell in a dose- and time-dependent way, suggesting that ECa109 cell growth and proliferation was closely associated with p-p38.

Molecular characterization of a signal-regulated kinase homolog from Echinococcus granulosus.

Background: Cystic echinococcosis due to Echinococcus granulosus (E. granulosus) is one of the most important chronic helminthic diseases, especially in sheep/cattle-raising regions. The larval stage of the parasite forms a cyst that grows in the liver, lung, or other organs of the host.

[Echinococcus granulosus recombinant antigen B induced IDO expression in mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells in vitro].

Objective: To observe the expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) in mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DCs) after adding Echinococcus granulosus recombinant antigen B (rAgB) in vitro.

Methods: CD11c+ DCs generated from bone marrow precursor cells of C57BL/6 mice and cultured in the presence of recombinant mouse GM-CSF (rmGM-CSF). The morphology of DCs was observed by inverted microscope and scanning electronic microscope.

[The relationship between abnormity of synaptonemal complex and male fertility impairment in human].

It was said that 11% of all men showed their infertility. The genetic origins of male infertility may be classified into three main groups: chromosome abnormalities, microdeletions and gene mutations. Growing literature has shown that spermatogenesis failure or reproductive failure (pregnancy wastages) occurred in male carriers of chromosomal distortion/aberration.

[Analysis of synaptonemal complex from a carrier with 46,XY,t(11;18) balanced translocation].

Over ten years ago, two male patients of pregnancy wastage, who were the carriers of 4;6 and 4;13 reciprocal translocations, respectively, were analyzed with synaptonemal complexes (SCs) by de Perdigo et al. They suggested that the pregnancy wastage should be caused by heterosynapsis, which reciprocal translocations resulted in. The heterosynapsis might avoid spermatogenesis failure, but easily induced non-disjunction of some chromosomes and led to occurrence of unbalanced gametes.

Primary targeting of recombinant Fv-immunotoxin hscFv(25)-mTNFalpha against hepatocellular carcinoma.

Aim: To obtain human recombinant Fv-immunotoxin hscFv(25)-mTNFalpha (mutant human TNFalpha fused to human scFv(25)) against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods: Two relevant sites of enzymatic digestion were added to mTNFalpha by PCR. MTNFalpha was linked to the 3' end of hscFv(25) in pGEX4T-1 vector.

Sequence evolution of putative cytotoxic T cell epitopes in NS3 region of hepatitis C virus.

Aim: Quasispecies of hepatitis C virus (HCV) are the foundation for rapid sequence evolution of HCV to evade immune surveillance of hosts. The consensus sequence evolution of a segment of HCV NS3 region, which encompasses putative cytotoxic T cell epitopes, was evaluated.

Methods: Three male patients, infected with HCV through multiple transfusions, were identified from clinical symptoms and monitored by aminotransferase for 60 months.

Clinicopathologic study of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma in gastroscopic biopsy.

Aim: To explore and discuss the clinicopathologic characteristics of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma in gastroscopic biopsy specimen.

Methods: A retrospective study of 26 cases of lymphoma diagnosed by gastroscopic biopsy during 1999 to 2001 from gastroscopy files of Xijing Hospital was made. The diagnostic criteria were adopted according to the new classification of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.