Association of dementia with death after ischemic stroke: A two-year prospective study.

The association between dementia and the risk of death after ischemic stroke was investigated. Neurological, neuropsychological and functional assessments were evaluated in 619 patients with acute ischemic stroke. Dementia was diagnosed at admission and at three months after stroke onset.

HMBG1 mediates ischemia-reperfusion injury by TRIF-adaptor independent Toll-like receptor 4 signaling.

High-mobility group protein box-1 (HMGB1) has recently been recognized as a novel candidate in a specific upstream pathway promoting inflammation after brain ischemia. However, its downstream pathway and underlying mechanism have yet to be elucidated. The HMGB1 level in the acute cerebral infarct (ACI) group was significantly increased compared with that of control group, and correlated with the severity of neurologic impairment of ACI patients.

Nicotine exacerbates tau phosphorylation and cognitive impairment induced by amyloid-beta 25-35 in rats.

Nicotine was reported to reduce the plaque burden and could be used as a possible anti-Alzheimer's disease agent. However, the effect of nicotine on memory and tau pathology in Alzheimer's disease has been less studied. The present study investigated the effect of nicotine on tau phosphorylation and cognitive impairment induced by hippocampus injections of amyloid-beta (Abeta) 25-35.