Purpose: To assess the reproducibility of radiomic features (RFs) extracted from dynamic contrast-enhanced computed tomography (DCE-CT) scans of patients diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with regards to inter-observer variability and acquisition timing after contrast injection. The predictive ability of reproducible RFs for differentiating between the degrees of HCC differentiation is also investigated.
Methods: We analyzed a set of DCE-CT scans of 39 patients diagnosed with HCC.
Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the prognostic significance of pretreatment dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-MRI parameters concerning tumor response following induction immunochemotherapy and survival outcomes in patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who underwent immunotherapy-based multimodal treatments.
Material And Methods: Unresectable stage III NSCLC patients treated by induction immunochemotherapy, concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) with or without consolidative immunotherapy from two prospective clinical trials were screened. Using the two-compartment Extend Tofts model, the parameters including K, K, V, and V were calculated from DCE-MRI data.
Accurate diagnosis and prognosis prediction are conducive to early intervention and improvement of medical care for natural killer/T cell lymphoma (NKTCL). Artificial intelligence (AI)-based systems are developed based on nasopharynx magnetic resonance imaging. The diagnostic systems achieve areas under the curve of 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFContrast-enhanced computed tomography scans (CECT) are routinely used in the evaluation of different clinical scenarios, including the detection and characterization of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Quantitative medical image analysis has been an exponentially growing scientific field. A number of studies reported on the effects of variations in the contrast enhancement phase on the reproducibility of quantitative imaging features extracted from CT scans.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIt is imperative to optimally utilize virtues and obviate defects of fully automated analysis and expert knowledge in new paradigms of healthcare. We present a deep learning-based semiautomated workflow (RAINMAN) with 12,809 follow-up scans among 2,172 patients with treated nasopharyngeal carcinoma from three centers (ChiCTR.org.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Post-radiation nasopharyngeal necrosis (PRNN) is a severe adverse event following re-radiotherapy for patients with locally recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LRNPC) and associated with decreased survival. Biological heterogeneity in recurrent tumors contributes to the different risks of PRNN. Radiomics can be used to mine high-throughput non-invasive image features to predict clinical outcomes and capture underlying biological functions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: To examine the predictive value of dual-layer spectral detector CT (DLCT) for spread through air spaces (STAS) in clinical lung adenocarcinoma.
Methods: A total of 225 lung adenocarcinoma cases were retrospectively reviewed for demographic, clinical, pathological, traditional CT, and spectral parameters. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was carried out based on three logistic models, including a model using traditional CT features (traditional model), a model using spectral parameters (spectral model), and an integrated model combining traditional CT and spectral parameters (integrated model).
Background: The metastatic vascular patterns of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are mainly microvascular invasion (MVI) and vessels encapsulating tumor clusters (VETC). However, most existing VETC-related radiological studies still focus on the prediction of VETC status.
Purpose: This study aimed to build and compare VETC-MVI related models (clinical, radiomics, and deep learning) associated with recurrence-free survival of HCC patients.
Background: MRI is the routine examination to surveil the recurrence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, but it has relatively lower sensitivity than PET/CT. We aimed to find if artificial intelligence (AI) could be competent pre-inspector for MRI radiologists and whether AI-aided MRI could perform better or even equal to PET/CT.
Methods: This multicenter study enrolled 6916 patients from five hospitals between September 2009 and October 2020.
Background: There are limited treatment options for patients with metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (mNPC) after failure of platinum-based chemotherapy. In this trial, we assessed the efficacy and safety of sintilimab plus bevacizumab in patients with mNPC where platinum-based chemotherapy has been ineffective.
Methods: This was a single-centre, open-label, single-arm, phase 2 trial in Guangzhou, China for patients with mNPC progressed after at least one line of systemic therapy.
Background: Accurately assessing the risk of recurrence in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) before treatment is important for the development of treatment strategies. The purpose of this study is to develop an MRI-based scoring system to predict the risk of recurrence in patients with LARC.
Methods: This was a multicenter observational study that enrolled participants who underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy.
Objectives: To evaluate the performance of automatic deep learning (DL) algorithm for size, mass, and volume measurements in predicting prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and compared with manual measurements.
Methods: A total of 542 patients with clinical stage 0-I peripheral LUAD and with preoperative CT data of 1-mm slice thickness were included. Maximal solid size on axial image (MSSA) was evaluated by two chest radiologists.
Background: Combined hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC-CCA) is a rare form of primary liver malignancy. Microvascular invasion (MVI) indicates poor postsurgical prognosis in cHCC-CCA. The objective of this study was to investigate preoperative predictors of MVI in hepatitis B virus (HBV) -related cHCC-CCA patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) is the standard treatment for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LANSCLC) patients, but the treatment response and survival outcomes varied among these patients. We aimed to identify pretreatment computed tomography-based radiomics features extracted from tumor and tumor organismal environment (TOE) for long-term survival prediction in these patients treated with CCRT.
Methods: A total of 298 eligible patients were randomly assigned into the training cohort and validation cohort with a ratio 2:1.
Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging
February 2023
Background: Extramedullary hematopoiesis rarely occurs within the liver alone, and is easily misdiagnosed. The radiological literature on this disease is exclusively case reports. There is a paucity of literature on the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: This study aimed to explore the role of a modified criteria for assessing tumor response to concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) in locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC), using the combined modalities of anatomical and functional MRI and CT.
Materials And Methods: One hundred and fifty-three patients with LA-NSCLC who underwent CCRT with continuous chest MRI and CT follow-up were analyzed. The tumor response to CCRT was evaluated two months after the completion of CCRT.
Creatine (Cr) is an essential metabolite in the creatine kinase reaction, which plays a critical role in maintaining normal cardiac function. Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI offers a novel way to map myocardium Cr. This study aims to investigate the dynamic alteration in myocardium Cr during acute infarction using CEST MRI, which may facilitate understanding of the heart remodeling mechanism at the molecular level.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: To evaluate the prognostic value of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) derived from diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and monitor the early treatment response to induction chemotherapy (IC) with plasma EBV DNA in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LA-NPC).
Results: A total of 307 stage III-IVb NPC patients were prospectively enrolled. All patients underwent MRI examinations to calculate ADC and plasma EBV DNA measurements pretreatment and post-IC.
Background: Preoperative prognostic biomarkers to guide individualized therapy are still in demand in esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC). Some studies reported that radiomic analysis based on CT images has been successfully performed to predict individual survival in EC. The aim of this study was to assess whether combining radiomics features from primary tumor and regional lymph nodes predicts overall survival (OS) better than using single-region features only, and to investigate the incremental value of the dual-region radiomics signature.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Integrin α6 is an attractive diagnostic biomarker for molecular imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) as it has an extremely high positive rate (approximately 94%) in clinical early-stage HCC. In this study, based on our previously identified integrin α6-targeted peptide, we developed an optimized integrin α6-targeted magnetic resonance (MR) probe dubbed DOTA(Gd)-ANADYWR for MR imaging of HCC in mice.
Materials And Methods: The longitudinal (R) relaxivity of DOTA(Gd)-ANADYWR was measured on a 3.
Background: The relevance of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in gastric carcinoma has been represented by the existence of EBV-encoded small RNA (EBER) in the tumor cells and has prognostic significance in gastric cancer, while gastric adenocarcinoma represents the most frequently occurring gastric malignancy.
Purpose: To observe the capacity of radiomic features extracted from contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CE-CT) images to differentiate EBER-positive gastric adenocarcinoma from EBER-negative ones.
Material And Methods: A total of 54 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma (EBER-positive: 27, EBER-negative: 27) were retrospectively examined.
Background: Although stratifying individuals with respect to nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) risk with Epstein-Barr virus-based markers is possible, the performance of diagnostic methods for detecting lesions among screen-positive individuals is poorly understood.
Methods: The authors prospectively evaluated 882 participants aged 30 to 70 years who were enrolled between October 2014 and November 2018 in an ongoing, population-based NPC screening program and had an elevated NPC risk. Participants were offered endoscopy and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and lesions were identified either by biopsy at a follow-up endoscopy or further contact and linkage to the local cancer registry through December 31, 2019.
Purpose: Chemotherapy and concurrent thoracic radiation therapy (CCTRT) followed by prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) is the standard of care for limited-stage small cell lung cancer (LS-SCLC). We aimed to compare the efficacy and toxicity of moderately hypofractionated once-daily CCTRT with that of a standard twice-daily regimen.
Methods And Materials: This multicenter, phase 2, randomized study enrolled patients aged 18 to 75 years old who had pathologically confirmed LS-SCLC and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 to 1.
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