Temporal and spatial characterization of negative regulatory T cells in HIV-infected/AIDS patients raises new diagnostic markers and therapeutic strategies.

Background: Negative regulatory T cells (Tregs) not only deplete effector T cells but also inhibit the clearance of HIV during infection, which may allow Tregs to be used as informative diagnostic markers. To facilitate both diagnosis and treatment, a thorough understanding of these regulators by characterizing them on temporal and spatial scales is strongly required.

Methods: Hundred HIV-infected/AIDS patients, including 87 males, with an average age of 35.

Author Correction: Transplanted miR-219-overexpressing oligodendrocyte precursor cells promoted remyelination and improved functional recovery in a chronic demyelinated model.

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Transplanted miR-219-overexpressing oligodendrocyte precursor cells promoted remyelination and improved functional recovery in a chronic demyelinated model.

Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) have the ability to repair demyelinated lesions by maturing into myelin-producing oligodendrocytes. Recent evidence suggests that miR-219 helps regulate the differentiation of OPCs into oligodendrocytes. We performed oligodendrocyte differentiation studies using miR-219-overexpressing mouse embryonic stem cells (miR219-mESCs).

[Abnormal expression of miR-let-7b in primary biliary cirrhosis and its clinical significance].

Objective: To evaluate the expression of microRNA (miR)-let-7b in peripheral blood cells of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and investigate its relationship to clinical disease parameters.

Methods: Peripheral blood and serum samples were obtained for study from 60 PBC patients and 60 healthy controls. Peripheral blood cells were extracted and subjected to real-time PCR to measure miR-let-7b expression.

[MicroRNA profiling in T cells of peripheral blood mononuclear cell from patients with primary biliary cirrhosis].

Objective: To explore the expression pattern of microRNA (miRNA) in T cells of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) from patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC).

Methods: The expression profile of miRNA in T cells of PBMC was determined by microarray assay and validated by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).

Results: In comparison with the healthy controls, 23 miRNA were down-regulated and 2 miRNA had a higher expression (all P < 0.