Postsynaptic lncRNA Sera/Pkm2 pathway orchestrates the transition from social competition to rank by remodeling the neural ensemble in mPFC.

Individuals' continuous success in competitive interactions with conspecifics strongly affects their social hierarchy. Medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is the key brain region mediating both social competition and hierarchy. However, the molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying the neural ensemble in the mPFC remains unclear.

Social isolation reinforces aging-related behavioral inflexibility by promoting neuronal necroptosis in basolateral amygdala.

Aging is characterized with a progressive decline in many cognitive functions, including behavioral flexibility, an important ability to respond appropriately to changing environmental contingencies. However, the underlying mechanisms of impaired behavioral flexibility in aging are not clear. In this study, we reported that necroptosis-induced reduction of neuronal activity in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) plays an important role in behavioral inflexibility in 5-month-old mice of the senescence-accelerated mice prone-8 (SAMP8) line, a well-established model with age-related phenotypes.

cGAS-STING-mediated IFN-I Response in Host Defense and Neuroinflammatory Diseases.

The presence of foreign or misplaced nucleic acids is a dangerous signal that triggers innate immune responses by activating cytosolic DNA sensor cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) and binding to its downstream signaling effector stimulator of interferon genes (STING). Then the cGAS-STING pathway activation links nucleic acid-sensing to immune responses and pathogenic entities clearance. However, the overactivation of this signaling pathway leads to fatal immune disorders and contributes to the progression of many human inflammatory diseases.

miR-135a-5p mediates memory and synaptic impairments via the Rock2/Adducin1 signaling pathway in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.

Aberrant regulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but most abnormally expressed miRNAs found in AD are not regulated by synaptic activity. Here we report that dysfunction of miR-135a-5p/Rock2/Add1 results in memory/synaptic disorder in a mouse model of AD. miR-135a-5p levels are significantly reduced in excitatory hippocampal neurons of AD model mice.

Role of Grina/Nmdara1 in the Central Nervous System Diseases.

Glutamate receptor, ionotropic, N-methyl-D-aspartate associated protein 1 (GRINA) is a member of the NMDA receptors (NMDARs) and is involved in several neurological diseases, which governs the key processes of neuronal cell death or the release of neurotransmitters. Upregulation of GRINA has been reported in multiple diseases in human beings, such as major depressive disorder (MDD) and schizophrenia (SCZ), with which the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In this review, we provide a general overview of the expression and physiological function of GRINA in the central nervous system (CNS) diseases, including stroke, depression ,epilepsy, SCZ, and Alzheimer's disease (AD).

A comprehensive investigation on adsorption of Ca (II), Cr (III) and Mg (II) ions by 3D porous nickel films.

The present study reports the removal of Ca (II), Cr (III), Mg (II) ions from aqueous solution using 3D-porous nickel films (3DNFs) as a novel adsorbent material prepared by hydrogen bubble dynamic template (HBDT) method at room temperature. The structure morphology and the phase constitution of 3DNFs were characterized by FESEM, EDS and XRD. Adsorption process of Ca (II), Cr (III), Mg (II) ions was fast as the equilibrium was established within 30min, and the maximum adsorption at equilibrium was 44.

Aggravation of Established Colitis in Specific Pathogen-free IL-10 Knockout Mice by Restraint Stress Is Not Mediated by Increased Colonic Permeability.

Background: Pathogenic mechanisms responsible for the undulating symptom pattern, or indeed causative agents for the development, of inflammatory bowel diseases [IBD] are largely unknown. Many physicians and most patients are convinced that stress affects the course of IBD. As with most factors that contribute to IBD, it is unclear whether stress merely exacerbates established disease or indeed contributes to the development of disease.

(C-meso-N-meso-5,12-Dimethyl-7,14-diphenyl-1,4,8,11-tetra-aza-cyclo-tetra-deca-4,11-diene)nickel(II) bis-[O,O'-bis-(4-methyl-phen-yl) dithio-phosphate].

The title complex, [Ni(C(24)H(32)N(4))](C(14)H(14)O(2)PS(2))(2), comprises a centrosymmetric [Ni(meso-diphen-yl[14]dien)](2+) dication (meso-diphen-yl[14]dien is C-meso-N-meso-5,12-dimethyl-7,14-diphenyl-1,4,8,11-tetra-aza-cyclo-tetra-deca-4,11-diene) and two O,O'-bis-(4-methyl-phen-yl) dithio-phosphate anions. The Ni(II) ion lies on an inversion center and is chelated by a tetra-amine macrocycle ligand in a slightly distorted NiN(4) square-planar geometry. Two S atoms from symmetry-related anions are located in pseudo-axial positions with respect to the Ni(II) ion, with Ni⋯S distances of 3.

(meso-5,5,7,12,12,14-Hexamethyl-1,4,8,11-tetra-aza-cyclo-tetra-deca-ne)copper(II) bis-[O,O'-(o-phenyl-ene)dithio-phosphate].

In the title compound, [Cu(C(16)H(36)N(4))](C(6)H(4)O(2)PS(2))(2), the Cu(II) cation lies on an inversion center and is chelated by the macrocyclic tetra-amine ligand in a slightly distorted CuN(4) square-planar geometry. The axial positions are occupied by two O,O'-(o-phenyl-ene)dithio-phosphate anions with long Cu⋯S distances of 3.0940 (7) Å.

(C-meso-N-meso-5,12-Dimethyl-7,14-diphenyl-1,4,8,11-tetra-aza-cyclo-tetra-deca-4,11-diene)copper(II) bis-[O,O'-bis-(4-methyl-phen-yl)dithio-phosphate].

In the title compound, [Cu(C(24)H(32)N(4))](C(14)H(14)O(2)PS(2))(2), the Cu(II) atom lies on an inversion center and is chelated by the macrocyclic ligand in a distorted CuN(4) square-planar geometry. Two O,O'-bis-(4-methyl-phen-yl)dithio-phosphate anions occupy the axial positions with long Cu⋯S distances of 3.0090 (8) Å.

(meso-5,5,7,12,12,14-Hexamethyl-1,4,8,11-tetra-aza-cyclo-tetra-deca-ne)nickel(II) bis-[O,O'-bis-(4-methyl-phen-yl) thio-phosphate].

In the centrosymmetric title complex, [Ni(C(16)H(36)N(4))](C(14)H(14)O(3)PS)(2), the Ni(II) ion is coordinated by four N atoms and two O atoms within a slightly distorted NiN(4)O(2) octa-hedral geometry. The asymmetric unit consits of one Ni(II) ion that is located on a center of inversion, half of the macrocylic ligand and one anion occupying general positions. Intra-molecular N-H⋯O and N-H⋯S hydrogen bonding is found between the macrocyclic ligand and the monothio-phosphate anion.

(5,7,7,12,14,14-Hexamethyl-1,4,8,11-tetra-aza-cyclo-tetra-deca-4,11-diene)nickel(II) bis-[O,O'-bis-(4-tert-butyl-phen-yl) dithio-phosphate].

The title salt, [Ni(C(16)H(32)N(4))](C(20)H(26)O(2)PS(2))(2), comprises a centrosymmetric [Ni(Me(6)[14]dieneN(4))](2+) dication (Me(6)[14]dieneN(4) is 5,7,7,12,14,14-hexa-methyl-1,4,8,11-tetra-aza-cyclo-tetra-deca-4,11-diene) and two O,O'-bis-(4-tert-butyl-phen-yl) dithio-phosphate anions. The Ni(II) ion lies on an inversion centre and displays a slightly distorted NiN(4) square-planar chelation arrangement with four N atoms from the Me(6)[14]dieneN(4) macrocycle. Two S atoms from symmetry-related anions are located in pseudo-axial positions with respect to the Ni(II) ion, with Ni⋯S distances of 3.

CT colonography in a rural New Zealand hospital.

Aim: Computed tomographic colonography (CTC) has been advocated for use after incomplete colonoscopy. Most of the literature is based on data from urban centres. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the use of CTC in a rural New Zealand hospital.