Mechanistical Study on Substrate-Controlled Highly Selective [2+2] and [2+3] Cycloaddition Reactions.

Polycyclic conjugated hydrocarbons have acquired increased interests recently because of their potential applications in electronic devices. On metal surfaces, the selective synthesis of four- and five-membered carbon rings remains challenging due to the presence of diverse reaction pathways. Here, utilizing the same precursor molecule, we successfully achieved substrate-controlled highly selective cycloaddition reactions towards four- and five-membered carbon rings.

Universal inter-molecular radical transfer reactions on metal surfaces.

On-surface synthesis provides tools to prepare low-dimensional supramolecular structures. Traditionally, reactive radicals are a class of single-electron species, serving as exceptional electron-withdrawing groups. On metal surfaces, however, such species are affected by conduction band screening effects that may even quench their unpaired electron characteristics.

Constructing Two-Dimensional Distorted Kagome Lattices on Ag(111).

Two-dimensional (2D) tessellation of organic species acquired increased interest recently because of their potential applications in physics, biology, and chemistry. Herein, we successfully synthesized the chiral distorted Kagome lattice 3 (333) with bicomponent precursors on Ag(111). Scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional calculation studies reveal that the networks are formed by multiple intermolecular hydrogen bonds.

The reactome pathway knowledgebase 2022.

The Reactome Knowledgebase (https://reactome.org), an Elixir core resource, provides manually curated molecular details across a broad range of physiological and pathological biological processes in humans, including both hereditary and acquired disease processes. The processes are annotated as an ordered network of molecular transformations in a single consistent data model.

Deep learning embedder method and tool for mass spectra similarity search.

Spectral similarity calculation is widely used in protein identification tools and mass spectra clustering algorithms while comparing theoretical or experimental spectra. The performance of the spectral similarity calculation plays an important role in these tools and algorithms especially in the analysis of large-scale datasets. Recently, deep learning methods have been proposed to improve the performance of clustering algorithms and protein identification by training the algorithms with existing data and the use of multiple spectra and identified peptide features.

Self-assembly of single-wall carbon nanotubes during the cooling process of hot carbon gas.

In this work, self-assembly mechanism of single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) during the annealing process of hot gaseous carbon is presented using reactive force field (ReaxFF)-based reactive molecular simulations. A series of simulations were performed on the evolution of reactive carbon gas. The simulation results show that the reactive carbon gas can be assembled into regular SWCNT without a catalyst.

The application of MutMap in forward genetic studies based on whole-genome sequencing.

Classical forward genetic analysis relies on construction of complicated progeny populations and development of many molecular markers for linkage analysis in genetic mapping, which is both time- and cost-consuming. The recently developed MutMap is a new forward genetic approach based on high-throughput next-generation sequencing technologies. It is more efficient and affordable than traditional methods.

Preparation of polyclonal antibodies for nateglinide (NTG) and development of a sensitive chemiluminescent immunoassay to detect NTG in tablets and serum.

In this study, we prepared polyclonal antibodies against anti-diabetic drug nateglinide (NTG), and established a sensitive chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) to detect NTG in tablets and serum. Two kinds of immunogens were synthesized using ethylcarbodiimide (EDC)/hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) and carbonyldiimidazole (CDI)/4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) as coupling reagents respectively. When activated by EDC/NHS, more molecules of NTG coupled with carrier protein in immunogens.

Quantification of Ponceau 4R in Foods by Indirect Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (icELISA).

As one of the rarely allowable azo dyes, ponceau 4R can be added in some foods in some countries. However, it is necessary to develop a credible and rapid analytical method for its monitoring, because of its potentially harmful risk. The hapten of ponceau 4R was first designed and synthesized by introducing a primary amine group into the structure of ponceau 4R.

Molecular characterization of heat-shock protein 90 gene and its expression in Gobiocypris rarus juveniles exposed to pentachlorophenol.

Heat-shock protein 90 (HSP90) is an abundant and highly conserved molecular chaperone, and it fulfills a housekeeping function in contributing to the folding, maintenance of structural integrity, and proper regulation of a subset of cytosolic proteins. In this study, the full-length 2693-bp cDNA of HSP90 was cloned by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) technique from the liver of rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) for the first time, designated as GrHSP90. The complete coding sequence of GrHSP90 is 2181 bp in length, which encodes a polypeptide of 726 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 83.

[Cloning of full-length cDNA of HMGR from Gobiocypris rarus and analysis of its expression profiles in male exposed to pentachlorophenol].

3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGR) is the first rate-limiting enzyme in the mevalonate (MVA) pathway. The full-length cDNA of HMGR was cloned from Gobiocypris rarus, and HMGR expression profiles in different tissues and in response to different treatments of pentachlorophenol (PCP) were analyzed by real-time PCR, to investigate the endocrine disruption mechanism of PCP, which altered steroid hormone precursors (cholesterol) levels by modulating gene transcription profiles of HMGR. Based on the homologous clone strategy and rapid-amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) technology, the full-length 3 101-base-pair (bp) cDNA of HMGR was isolated from the livers of rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) for the first time, and was designated as GrHMGR (GenBank accession number KF885724).

Histopathological and estrogen effect of pentachlorophenol on the rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus).

Pentachlorophenol (PCP), a typical organic pollutant and environmental endocrine disruptor, has been extensively used as a pesticide and biocide worldwide. In this study, the effects of PCP on the histological and hepatic system of the rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) were evaluated. Vitellogenin (VTG) was used as a biomarker to evaluate the estrogen effect of PCP.

[Clone and development of RAPD and SCAR markers linked to sex determination in the dioecious species Humulus scandens L].

In dioecious plants, the important differences of male and female individuals exist in the genome, so it is very significant to do a comparative study on the sex differences with the DNA markers. In this article, Random Amplification Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technology was used to increase the Humulus scandens female and male genome teams. The results show that two of the 100 primers, S1519 and S2142, respectly produced a sex-linked band only found in tested males, with the length of 1207 bp and 762 bp.

[Cloning and analyzing of the female-specific marker in the dioecious species Asparagus officinalis L].

Sex-linked molecular markers are being obtained, which would be essential to be used in the screening of different sex of dioecious plants at the seedling stage. Furthermore, it is important in cloning the gene related to the sex. In this study the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique was employed with the objective to find markers linked to sex determination in Asparagus.