A molecular mechanism underlies grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) TARBP2 regulating PKR-mediated cell apoptosis.

Interferon-inducible double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) is one of the key antiviral arms in the innate immune system. The activated PKR performs its antiviral function by inhibiting protein translation and inducing apoptosis. In our previous study, we identified grass carp TARBP2 as an inhibitor of PKR activity, thereby suppressing cell apoptosis.

Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) deacetylase SIRT1 targets p53 to suppress apoptosis in a KAT8 dependent or independent manner.

Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) is known as a deacetylase to control various physiological processes. In mammals, SIRT1 inhibits apoptotic process, but the detailed mechanism is not very clear. Here, our study revealed that grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) SIRT1 (CiSIRT1, MN125614.

Cloning and functional analysis of SNX8 from grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus).

Sorting nexin 8 (SNX8), a member of sorting nexin protein family, plays important roles in endocytosis, endosomal sorting, and innate immune response. To date, a few homologs of SNX8 have been found in fish except in mammals. In this study, a teleost SNX8 cDNA was identified from grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus).

Laser-direct-writing of molecule-like Ag nanoclusters in transparent tellurite glass for 3D volumetric optical storage.

constructing program-designed nanostructures laser-direct-writing (LDW) has proved to be a reliable strategy for optical storage (OS). Herein, a kind of low-melting Ag-doped TeO-ZnO-NaO (TZN) tellurite glass has been demonstrated as an ideal LDW OS medium. Microstructural and spectroscopic studies reveal the generation of molecule-like Ag nanoclusters featured with a broad emission band in the orange-red region upon laser irradiation.

Ctenopharyngodon idella Tollip regulates MyD88-induced NF-κB activation.

Toll-interacting protein (Tollip) and MyD88 are key components of the TLR/IL-1R signaling pathway in mammals. MyD88 is known as a universal adaptor protein involving in TLR/IL-1R-induced NF-κB activation. Tollip is a crucial negative regulator of TLR-mediated innate immune responses.

PKZ, a Fish-Unique eIF2α Kinase Involved in Innate Immune Response.

PKZ is a novel and unique eIF2α protein kinase identified in fish. Although PKZ is most homologous to PKR, particularly in the C-terminal catalytic domain, it contains two N-terminal Z-DNA-binding domains (Zα1 and Zα2) instead of the dsRNA binding domains (dsRBDs) in PKR. As a novel member of eIF2α kinase family, the available data suggest that PKZ has some distinct mechanisms for recognition, binding, and B-Z DNA transition.

Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) TRAF6 up-regulates IFN1 expression by activating IRF5.

In mammals, interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) can be activated by tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6). Upon activation, IRF5 translocates into the nucleus, where it binds to IFN promoter and up-regulates IFN expression. However, there are few reports on the molecular mechanism by which TRAF6 up-regulates IFN expression in fish.

An Fe-N co-doped tube-in-tube carbon nanostructure used as an efficient catalyst for the electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction.

An Fe-N co-doped tube-in-tube carbon nanostructure is synthesized for an efficient oxygen reduction reaction. Thanks to its hollow nature, the mesoporous structure is enriched while defects are not prominent, allowing excellent activity (E  = 0.851 V) and durability together with methanol tolerance in an electrochemistry test under alkaline conditions.

Ctenopharyngodon Idella STAT3 alleviates autophagy by up-regulating BCL-2 expression.

In mammals, STAT3 (Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) plays an absolutely vital role in response to cytokines and growth factors. In mammals, IL-6/JAK/STAT3 pathway is closely linked to immune response and promotes cell proliferation, survival and metastasis. Some recent studies have already demonstrated that STAT3 regulates autophagy.

High-efficient and environmentally friendly enrichment of semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes by combining short-time electrochemical pre-oxidation and combustion.

High purity semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (s-SWCNTs) have bright prospects in the field of microelectronics, but their enrichment processes are usually very complicated and cost time and energy, which represent a major impediment for their future applications. Here, we report on a new efficient covalent modification enrichment approach that tackles this problem. Our method is to first selectively functionalize the surface of arc-discharge metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes (m-SWCNTs) rapidly by electrochemical pre-oxidation at 7.

The Fish-Specific Protein Kinase (PKZ) Initiates Innate Immune Responses via IRF3- and ISGF3-Like Mediated Pathways.

PKZ is a fish-specific protein kinase containing Zα domains. PKZ is known to induce apoptosis through phosphorylating eukaryotic initiation factor 2α kinase (eIF2α) in the same way as double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR), but its exact role in detecting pathogens remains to be fully elucidated. Herein, we have found that PKZ acts as a fish-specific DNA sensor by initiating IFN expression through IRF3- or ISGF3-like mediated pathways.

Identification of the SAMHD1 gene in grass carp and its roles in inducing apoptosis and inhibiting GCRV proliferation.

SAMHD1 is an innate immunity restriction factor that inhibits virus infection through IRF3-mediated antiviral and apoptotic responses. Fish SAMHD1 shares some similar properties with those in mammals. In this study, a SAMHD1 orthologue from grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) was cloned and characterized.

Identification and functional characterization of IRAK-4 in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus).

IL-1R-associated kinase 4 (IRAK4), a central TIR signaling mediator in innate immunity, can initiate a cascade of signaling events and lead to induction of inflammatory target gene expression eventually. In the present study, we cloned and characterized an IRAK4 orthologue from grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). The full length cDNA of CiIRAK4 was 2057 bp with an ORF of 1422 bp encoding a polypeptide of 472 amino acids.

Enrichment of semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes by simple equipment and solar radiation.

High-purity semiconducting (s-) single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have great potential to replace silicon-based materials for microelectronic devices. However, the enrichment methods of s-SWCNTs usually required complex devices and non-renewable energy. In this study, instead of a traditional heating method, renewable solar was employed to dramatically increase the heating rate and improve the reaction to be simple and more controllable, thereby water was successfully used to selectively etch metallic (m-) SWCNTs.

Iron encapsulated in single-walled carbon nanotubes for obtaining the evidence of improved coulombic efficiency and improving the lithium battery performance of ZnO anodes.

Cycling coulombic efficiency including the 1 cycle is a crucial factor for nano-carbon based anodes. How to improve their coulombic efficiency and further prove whether the additional reversible capacity produced from the SEI film in the 1 cycle is an obstacle for their possible commercial application in Li ion batteries (LIBs). For this aim, a novel composite of Fe-encapsulated single-walled carbon nanotubes (Fe@SWNTs) with special nano-structure was designed and used as an anode material for LIBs.

Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) STAT3 regulates the eIF2α phosphorylation through interaction with PKR.

In mammals, STAT3 (Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) plays an important role in growth, multiplication, differentiation and participates in inflammation, tumorigenesis, metabolic disorders and immune response. STAT3 is a protein that shuttles between the nucleus and cytoplasm. Compared to the STAT3 in cell nucleus, we did not know the function of STAT3 in cytoplasm for a long time.

Pt Nanoparticles Densely Coated on SnO-Covered Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes with Excellent Electrocatalytic Activity and Stability for Methanol Oxidation.

A new electrocatalyst exhibiting enhanced activity and stability is designed from SnO-covered multiwalled carbon nanotubes coated with 85 wt % ratio Pt nanoparticles (NPs). This catalyst showed a mass activity 6.2 times as active as that of the commercial Pt/C for methanol oxidation, owing to the unique one-dimensional structure.

MnO Nanofilms on Nitrogen-Doped Hollow Graphene Spheres as a High-Performance Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction.

Platinum is commonly chosen as an electrocatalyst used for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). In this study, we report an active catalyst composed of MnO nanofilms grown directly on nitrogen-doped hollow graphene spheres, which exhibits high activity toward ORR with positive onset potential (0.94 V vs RHE), large current density (5.

Direct Enrichment of Metallic Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Using NO as Oxidant to Selectively Etch Semiconducting Counterparts.

We report an efficient method for enriching high-purity metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes (m-SWCNTs) by using NO as oxidant to remove semiconducting components at 220 °C. After etching, m-SWCNTs with purity higher than 90% were obtained. The surviving m-SWCNTs retain an intact structure without any extra defects on their surface.

Identification and function analysis of the three dsRBMs in the N terminal dsRBD of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) PKR.

The protein kinase R (PKR) can inhibit protein translation and lead to apoptosis under the circumstances of virus invasion and multiple other stress conditions. PKR is a dsRNA binding protein with a dsRBD and a kinase domain (KD). dsRBD is mostly composed of two (in mammal PKR) or three (in some fish PKR) dsRNA binding motifs (dsRBMs).

Ctenopharyngodon idella PKZ facilitates cell apoptosis through phosphorylating eIF2α.

PKZ, protein kinase containing Z-DNA binding domains, is a novel member of eIF2α kinase in fish. PKZ can be up-regulated in response to Poly I:C or heat stress, and it has a typical eIF2α kinase activity. However, the relationship between fish PKZ and apoptosis remains unclear.

Genome organization and transcriptional regulation of Adenosine Deaminase Acting on RNA gene 1 (ADAR1) in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella).

ADAR1, involved in A-to-I RNA editing, belongs to adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) family. A-to-I RNA editing is the most widespread editing phenomenon in higher eukaryotes. In the present study, we cloned and identified the full-length cDNA, complete genomic sequence and the promoter sequence of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) ADAR1 (CiADAR1) by homology cloning strategy and genome walking.

An effective integrated design for enhanced cathodes of Ni foam-supported Pt/carbon nanotubes for Li-O2 batteries.

Designing an effective microstructural cathode combined with a highly efficient catalyst is essential for improving the electrochemical performance of Li-O2 batteries (LOBs), especially for long-term cycling. We present a nickel foam-supported composite of Pt nanoparticles (NPs) coated on self-standing carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as a binder-free cathode for LOBs. The assembled LOBs can afford excellent electrochemical performance with a reversible capacity of 4050 mAh/g tested at 20 mA/g and superior cyclability for 80 cycles with a limited capacity of 1500 mAh/g achieved at a high current density of 400 mA/g.