Transition metal-catalyzed cascade cyclization of aryldiynes to halogenated benzo[b]naphtho[2,1-d]thiophene derivatives.

Treatment of 2-(2-(2-(2-substituted ethynyl)phenyl)ethynyl)thioanisoles (1) with 5 mol % of Ph3PAuCl/AgSbF6 and 2 equiv of NIS at refluxing CH2Cl2 gave iodo-substituted benzo[b]naphtho[2,1-d]thiophene (6) in good yields. Chloro- and bromo-substituted benzo[b]naphtho[2,1-d]thiophene derivatives (8 and 9) were also generated by treating compound 1 with 5 mol % of PdX2 and 3 equiv of CuX2 at refluxing THF.

A factor-adjusted multiple testing procedure for ERP data analysis.

Event-related potentials (ERPs) are now widely collected in psychological research to determine the time courses of mental events. When event-related potentials from treatment conditions are compared, often there is no a priori information on when or how long the differences should occur. Testing simultaneously for differences over the entire set of time points creates a serious multiple comparison problem in which the probability of false positive errors must be controlled, while maintaining reasonable power for correct detection.