Physiological and Family-Level Correlates of Autistic Adolescents' Sleep Quality.

Purpose: Autistic adolescents commonly experience sleep-related difficulties and prior studies have sought to separately examine physiological and family-level predictors of their sleep quality. The current study aimed to conceptually replicate and extend to an adolescent sample a prior study that found respiratory sinus arrhythmia was associated with sleep quality in autistic children. In addition, the current study also examined whether the quality of the family environment was associated with sleep quality in autistic adolescents.

Other Momentary Substance Behaviors as Predictors of College Students' Prescription Drug Misuse in Daily Life: An Exploratory Study.

Background: Limited prior research to examine co-occurrence of prescription drug misuse with other substances among young adults has documented outcomes that are more problematic for those with higher rates of co-ingesting alcohol. There is a need to understand how college students in this period of heightened risk use other salient substances in moments of their prescription misuse in daily life.

Method: Young-adult college students who engaged in recent prescription misuse ( = 297) completed ecological momentary assessment (EMA) over a 28-day period, resulting in 23,578 reports.

COVID-19 and changes in young adults' weight concerns.

The COVID-19 pandemic introduced fundamental challenges to nearly all aspects of college students' lives, yet changes in key domains of their health, including weight concerns, remain untested. The current study utilized a longitudinal project comprised of 355 young-adult college students (M=19.5, 66.

Examining enduring effects of COVID-19 on college students' internalizing and externalizing problems: A four-year longitudinal analysis.

Background: College students' mental health has been a vital concern for researchers, policymakers, administrators, and educators since before the pandemic, and it is crucial to identify the extent to which the pandemic affected college students' mental health.

Methods: The current study utilized data repeatedly collected over more than four years (2017-2022) from N = 355 students enrolled at a large public research university in the Midwestern US. The data collection period coincided with the COVID-19 pandemic's onset, facilitating systematic examination of whether and how college students' trajectories (i.

Testing Similarity in Romantic Partners' COVID-19 Experiences at the Time of a Pain-Related Emergency Department Visit.

Background: Research has established associations between romantic partners' health-related behaviors, although links between partners' experiences of the COVID-19 pandemic at the time of an important medical event remain untested.

Methods: The sample was drawn from an existing study of patients who received a new opioid prescription at an emergency department visit for acute pain. We assessed COVID-19 experiences of 97 patients and their romantic partners from April 2021 through June 2022.

Predicting incident cardiovascular disease among African-American adults: A deep learning approach to evaluate social determinants of health in the Jackson heart study.

The present study sought to leverage machine learning approaches to determine whether social determinants of health improve prediction of incident cardiovascular disease (CVD). Participants in the Jackson Heart study with no history of CVD at baseline were followed over a 10-year period to determine first CVD events (i.e.

College Students' prescription drug misuse over time and links with their mental health and well-being.

Prescription drug misuse (PDM) is a mounting public health concern in the U.S., particularly among college students.

A longitudinal examination of mental health and marital functioning of mothers and fathers of autistic adolescents during COVID-19.

Parents of autistic children may be especially vulnerable to the negative effects of COVID-19. The current study examined changes in mental health and marital functioning of mothers and fathers of autistic children across three time points between April and October 2020. The study also explored whether pre-COVID factors could predict outcomes during the pandemic.

Testing and Optimizing Guided Thinking Tasks to Promote Physical Activity: Protocol for a Randomized Factorial Trial.

Background: Insufficient physical activity is associated with various health risks; however, most current physical activity interventions have critical barriers to scalability. Delivering interventions via technology and identifying active and inert components in early-phase development are ways to build more efficient and scalable interventions. We developed a novel intervention to promote physical activity that targets 3 brief guided thinking tasks, separately and in combination, using brief audio recordings: (1) episodic future thinking (EFT), (2) positive affective imagery (PAI), and (3) planning.

College students' momentary stress and prescription drug misuse in daily life: Testing direct links and the moderating roles of global stress and coping.

Prior survey-based research has documented associations between greater levels of stress and increased prescription drug misuse behaviour. These studies uniformly rely on assessments of both the stress experiences and the substance behaviour after they occurred (commonly spanning 6-12 month retrospective timeframes). Less is known about the extent to which variations in momentary stress predict the actual occurrence of prescription misuse in daily life among college students with elevated risk for engaging in the behaviour.

Bidirectional associations between nightly sleep and daily happiness and negative mood in adolescents.

This study examined bidirectional associations between daily happiness and negative mood and subjective and objective sleep measures. Participants were 311 adolescents (M  = 17.37 years; 51.

College-based social and situational predictors of real-time prescription drug misuse in daily life.

Background: This study examined social and situational context predictors of prescription drug misuse among college-students at a large public university in the Midwest. Social and situational context predictors considered were hour of the day, weekend vs weekday, whether participants were at home or another place, and who they were with during instances of misuse. Salient social events, including home football games, city-regulated parties, and the 2019 Midwest polar vortex were also recorded.

Real-time momentary mood as a predictor of college students' prescription drug misuse in daily life: Direct links and the moderating role of background mental health.

The present study addressed calls for research to identify real-time predictors of prescription drug misuse (Schepis et al., 2020) by testing young adults' momentary reports of their negative mood and positive mood as predictors of event-level misuse in daily life. We implemented a 28-day ecological momentary assessment (EMA) procedure that collected individuals' mood and other contextual experiences in moments preceding prescription drug misuse.

Effect of COVID-19 disruptions on young adults' affect and substance use in daily life.

Objective: Guided by accounts of as a key indicator of health, the current study examined prospective changes in young adults' emotions and substance behaviors assessed during a normative baseline period and during the acute COVID-19 disruption period in late March/early April 2020. The COVID-19 assessment also collected psychosocial risk factors expected to moderate changes in adjustment across time.

Method: Participants included 295 young adults (70.

Congruence and discrepancy in migrant children's and mothers' perceived discrimination: Using response surface analysis to examine the effects on psychological distress.

New migrants from Mainland China to Hong Kong have faced increased discrimination from local Hong Kongers, which may have negative impacts on their adjustment and mental health. Guided by the family systems theory, we tested the dyadic effects of perceived discrimination levels among migrant children and mothers on their psychological distress in a sample of 200 child-mother pairs who migrated from Mainland China to Hong Kong. Using polynomial regression and response surface analyses, we found that when children's and mothers' reports of perceived discrimination showed congruence, higher levels of perceived discrimination were positively associated with both children's and mothers' psychological distress.

Dyadic Effects of Fluid Mindset on Psychological Growth in Immigrant Mothers and Their Children: Indirect Effect of Resilience.

Immigration research has recently investigated positive adaptation outcomes such as psychological growth. This study tested actor and partner effects between fluid mindset and psychological growth, mediated by resilience, in 200 migrant mother-child dyads from Mainland China to Hong Kong. Mothers' fluid mindset had significant actor and partner effects on their own and their children's psychological growth, whereas children's fluid mindset showed an actor effect.

A Pilot Study of Responses to Interparental Conflict in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Research supports that parents of children with ASD experience higher rates of marital conflict compared to parents of neurotypically developing (NT) children; however, no known research examining reactions to interparental conflict in children with ASD exists. This study compared emotional, behavioral, and physiological responses to interparental conflict in ASD (n = 21) and NT children (n = 29). Children were presented with videotaped interactions (constructive vs.

Real-time associations between young adults' momentary pain and prescription opioid misuse intentions in daily life.

has been identified (mainly through retrospective reports) as a robust motivator for individuals engaging in prescription opioid misuse. However, surprisingly little work has directly examined whether momentary pain experiences are associated with prescription opioid misuse in daily life. Participants included 297 young-adult college students recruited on the basis of recent prescription drug misuse.

Development and Acceptability of a Method to Investigate Prescription Drug Misuse in Daily Life: Ecological Momentary Assessment Study.

Background: Prescription drug misuse and abuse is an established public health challenge, and young adults are particularly affected. There is a striking lack of real-time, naturalistic data collection assessing intentions to misuse and other precipitating factors at the time of actual misuse, leaving the conditions under which individuals are most likely to misuse prescription medications unknown. Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) apps and protocols designed to capture this information would accelerate and expand the knowledge base and could directly contribute to prevention and treatment efforts.

Effects of an adolescent depression prevention program on maternal criticisms and positive remarks.

This study examined effects of an adolescent depression prevention program on maternal criticisms and positive remarks, whether the extent of adolescents' depression accounted for effects, and whether effects of the program on maternal criticisms and positive remarks differed by adolescents' gender. Participants were 298 adolescent ( = 14.79, = 1.

Children's self-blame appraisals about their mothers' depressive symptoms and risk for internalizing symptoms.

Maternal depressive symptoms are a robust predictor of children's risk for internalizing symptoms, yet not all children are negatively affected by exposure to their mothers' symptoms. The present study tested children's self-blame appraisals as a moderator of the association between maternal depressive symptoms and children's internalizing symptoms, controlling for children's negative attributional style. We hypothesized that the relation between maternal depressive symptoms and children's internalizing symptoms would be stronger for children who blamed themselves more for their mothers' symptoms.

Social anxiety is negatively associated with theory of mind and empathic accuracy.

Social anxiety interferes with accurate perceptions of others' thoughts and intentions, yet studies examining the association between social anxiety and social cognition have resulted in mixed findings. We examined the association between dimensional levels of social anxiety and assessments of lower- and higher-level social cognition. In Study 1 ( = 1485), we found that social anxiety was negatively related to accuracy in an assessment of higher-level social cognition (i.

County-level socioeconomic and crime risk factors for substantiated child abuse and neglect.

Rates of substantiated child abuse and neglect vary significantly across counties. Despite strong cross-sectional support for links between social-contextual characteristics and abuse and neglect, few longitudinal studies have tested relations between these risk factors and substantiated rates of abuse/neglect. The goal of this study was to identify county-level socioeconomic and crime factors associated with substantiated abuse/neglect rates over 13 years (2004-2016).

Connecting Child Maltreatment Risk With Crime and Neighborhood Disadvantage Across Time and Place: A Bayesian Spatiotemporal Analysis.

Child maltreatment is a major public health problem. Although maltreatment rates vary over time and are influenced by neighborhood characteristics, the unique effects of crime and disadvantage on risk are not well understood. This study utilized a Bayesian spatiotemporal approach to examine risk factors for substantiated child abuse and neglect over a 9-year period across zip codes in Davidson County, TN.