Maternal micronutrient biomarkers and risk of non-syndromic cleft lip/palate: A case-control study.

Objective: This case-control study investigated the associations between maternal plasma vitamin B12, homocysteine, and red blood cell (RBC) folate levels and the risk of cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) in offspring.

Subjects And Methods: The study compared 94 mothers and children with non-syndromic CL/P from a teaching hospital in Thailand to 94 mother-infant controls from local well-baby clinics, frequency-matched by birth date and mother's education. Data included anthropometric measurements, blood sample analyses, and a questionnaire.

"I can't provide what my child needs": Early feeding experiences of caregivers of children with craniofacial microsomia.

Purpose: Craniofacial microsomia (CFM) is a congenital condition that can be associated with feeding challenges in infants. As part of the larger 'Craniofacial microsomia: Accelerating Research and Education (CARE)' program, this study described caregivers' early feeding experiences.

Design And Materials: US-based caregivers of 34 children with CFM participated in remote narrative interviews.

Maternal Metabolic Status and Orofacial Cleft Risk: A Case-Control Study in Thailand.

Objectives: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been suggested to play a role in congenital defects. This study investigated the association of MetS and its components with orofacial clefts (OFCs).

Methods: We conducted a case-control study in Northeast Thailand.

Retrospective Cohort Studies in Craniofacial Outcomes Research: An Epidemiologist's Approach to Mitigating Bias.

Retrospective cohort studies, defined as a follow-up study in which outcome occurred prior to study onset, are common in craniofacial outcomes research and will continue to be prevalent given the increasing availability of secondary datasets and inherent prospective study limitations. However, if available data are not adequately measured, or necessary variables are absent, retrospective cohort studies can be particularly prone to bias. This brief communication aims to highlight the primary sources of bias, including measurement error, selection bias, and confounding.

Parental holding of infants improves haemodynamics in the cardiac ICU.

We performed a single-centre, retrospective study to assess physiologic changes of infants in the cardiac ICU while being held by their parent. Continuous data streaming of vital signs were collected for infants included in the study from January 2021 to March 2022. Demographic and clinical characteristics were collected from the electronic medical record.

Sugar-sweetened beverage intake and convenience store shopping as mediators of the food insecurity-Tooth decay relationship among low-income children in Washington state.

Introduction: There are oral health disparities in the U.S. and children in food-insecure households have a higher burden of tooth decay.

Establishing an International Interdisciplinary Research Network in Craniofacial Microsomia: The CARE Program.

Objective: Craniofacial microsomia (CFM) is a broad clinical term used to describe a congenital condition most commonly involving the underdevelopment of the external ear, mandible, soft tissues, and facial nerve. Despite medical advances, understanding of the psychological health and healthcare experiences of individuals with CFM and their caregivers remains limited. This article describes a research program designed to address these knowledge gaps, and identify opportunities for psychosocial intervention and improved healthcare provision.

Observations by Caregivers Using the Infant with Clefts Observation Outcomes Instrument (iCOO): A Comparison of Three Versus Seven-day Daily Diaries.

Objective: Our goal was to compare data collected from 3- and 7-day Infant with Clefts Observation Outcomes (iCOO) diaries.

Design: Secondary data analysis of an observational longitudinal cohort study. Caregivers completed the daily iCOO for 7 days before cleft lip surgery (T0) and for 7 days after cleft lip repair (T1).

Changes in children's dental fear after restorative treatment under different sedation types: Associations with parents' experiences and dental health.

Background: Dentists often use sedative medications such as nitrous oxide inhaled sedation and general anesthesia (GA) to help decrease patient fear and manage paediatric patients' behavior during treatment.

Aim: The goal of this study was to examine factors associated with dental fear changes after restorative dental treatment under nitrous oxide or GA in children 4-12 years old.

Design: A prospective cohort study of 124 children examined changes in dental fear, number of treatment visits, and parental factors among children receiving restorative dental treatment under nitrous oxide (n = 68) or GA (n = 56) sedation.

Nonsurgical periodontal treatment during pregnancy and rates of preterm birth.

Background: Periodontitis during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of preterm birth (<37 weeks of gestation) or low birthweight (<2500 g) offspring. Beyond periodontal disease, the risk of preterm birth varies both by previous history of preterm birth and in association with social determinants prevalent among vulnerable and marginalized populations. This study hypothesized that the timing of periodontal treatment during pregnancy and/or social vulnerability measures modified the response to dental scaling and root planing for the treatment of periodontitis and prevention of preterm birth.

A Cross-Sectional Study of the Nutritional Status of Infants with Orofacial Clefts in the First 6 Months of Life.

Objective(s): To estimate nutritional status in a large cohort of infants with orofacial clefts in the US, overall and by cleft type from birth to 6 months of age.

Study Design: We conducted a cross-sectional study in infants with orofacial clefts by examining growth by month between birth and 6 months of age. Infants with at least one weight measurement at a single US regional tertiary care pediatric hospital with an interdisciplinary cleft team between 2010 and 2020 were included.

Association between oral clefts and periodontal clinical measures: A meta-analysis.

Aim: To conduct a systematic review and to evaluate the clinical parameters for periodontal diseases in individuals with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P).

Design: The authors searched six indexed databases without any linguistic limitation through July 2021. The eligibility criteria were observational studies that compared the periodontal clinical measures of individuals with CL/P to those without CL/P.

Longitudinal Analysis of Children's Oral Health-Related Quality of Life After Restorative Dental Treatment.

To document mid- and long-term changes in oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) following dental intervention in a sample of restorative treatment-naïve children receiving different levels of care, with and without general anesthesia (GA). This prospective cohort study followed 132 children. Parents completed the pediatric OHRQoL instrument (POQL) before, 16 weeks after (i.

Income-Based Disparities in a Yearly Dental Visit in United States Adults and Children: Trend Analysis 1997 to 2016.

Objective: To determine how income-based disparities in a yearly dental visit (the Healthy People 2020 Leading Health Indicator for Oral Health) changed since legislation to expand dental coverage and to compare disparity trends in children and adults.

Methods: We analyzed Medical Expenditure Panel Survey 1997 to 2016 to determine yearly dental visit rates for US children and adults by family income. We determined measures of income disparity, including the Slope Index of Inequality and the Relative Index of Inequality and examined trends in yearly dental visit, Slope Index of Inequality, and Relative Index of Inequality using joinpoint regression.

Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Are Able to Maintain Dental Skills: A Two-Year Case Review of Desensitization Treatment.

The purposes of this study of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), who had successfully accepted a dental examination seated in a dental chair following desensitization interventions, were to: (1) determine if ability to accept an examination was maintained two years following initial success; (2) quantify new dental skills acquired; and (3) analyze the use of advanced behavior guidance techniques. This retrospective two-year case series included 138 ASD children. Data were obtained from dental records.

A randomized crossover trial comparing the Nifty cup to a medicine cup in preterm infants who have difficulty breastfeeding at Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH) in Kumasi, Ghana.

Introduction: Preterm infants make up the majority of the 9 million babies born in Africa and South Asia requiring supplemental feedings as they transition to exclusive breastfeeding. The World Health Organization recommends the use of a cup to feed newborns with breastfeeding difficulties in low-resource settings. We set out to evaluate the Nifty cup, a new feeding cup designed specifically for infants with breastfeeding difficulties.

Mortality After Discontinuation of Primary Care-Based Chronic Opioid Therapy for Pain: a Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Despite known risks of using chronic opioid therapy (COT) for pain, the risks of discontinuation of COT are largely uncharacterized.

Objective: To evaluate mortality, prescription opioid use, and primary care utilization of patients discontinued from COT, compared with patients maintained on opioids.

Design: Retrospective cohort study of patients with chronic pain enrolled in an opioid registry as of May 2010.

An Academic Research Coach: An Innovative Approach to Increasing Scholarly Productivity in Medicine.

Background: Academic faculty who devote most of their time to clinical work often struggle to engage in meaningful scholarly work. They may be disadvantaged by limited research training and limited time. Simply providing senior mentors and biostatistical support has limited effectiveness.

Childbearing and maternity leave in residency: determinants and well-being outcomes.

Purpose: To characterise determinants of resident maternity leave and their effect on maternal and infant well-being. Among non-parents, to identify factors that influence the decision to delay childbearing STUDY DESIGN: In 2016, a survey was sent to female residents at a large academic medical centre on their experiences with maternity leave, the impact of personal and programme factors on length of leave, reasons for delaying childbearing and measures of well-being.

Results: Forty-four percent (214/481) of residents responded.

Maternal exposures and risk of oral clefts in South Vietnam.

Background: Oral clefts are among the most common congenital anomalies. Most studies on risk factors of oral clefts have been carried out in developed countries. We investigated the associations between maternal exposures in the first trimester and oral clefts in South Vietnam.

Primary care provider approaches to preventive health delivery: a qualitative study.

Unlabelled: AimThe objective of this study was to seek decision-making insights on the provider level to gain understanding of the values that shape how providers deliver preventive health in the primary care setting.

Background: The primary care clinic is a core site for preventive health delivery. While many studies have identified barriers to preventive health, less is known regarding how primary care providers (PCPs) make preventive health decisions such as what services to provide, under what circumstances, and why they might choose one over another.

Factors That Influence Treatment Completion for Latent Tuberculosis Infection.

Introduction: The aim of this study is to describe factors associated with noncompletion of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) therapy.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of adults who initiated LTBI treatment with isoniazid, rifampin, or isoniazid-rifapentine at 5 clinics. Demographic, treatment, and monitoring characteristics were abstracted.

Scholarly productivity and professional advancement of junior researchers receiving KL2, K23, or K08 awards at a large public research institution.

Background: How the productivity and careers of KL2 scholars compare with scholars receiving individual K-awards is unknown.

Methods: The productivity of KL2 scholars (n=21) at our institution was compared with that of K08 (n=34) and K23 (n=26) scholars.

Results: KL2 and K23 scholars had greater productivity than K08 scholars (=0.

Predicting successful dental examinations for children with autism spectrum disorder in the context of a dental desensitization program.

Background: The authors evaluated the effectiveness of a dental desensitization program for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and determined characteristics associated with a successful dental examination.

Methods: The authors performed a retrospective review of clinical behavioral data and previsit questionnaires for 168 children with ASD who attended a university-based dental desensitization program. Data elements included demographic, treatment, and behavioral characteristics.