DDQ catalyzed oxidative lactonization of indole-3-butyric acids.

Benzylic C-H bonds next to electron rich aromatic rings are susceptible to 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) promoted functionalization. In this work benzylic carbocations formed in this manner are trapped by a pendant carboxylic acid to form a lactone. Indole-3-butyric acids are especially good substrates for the reaction.

Water-Soluble Pd Nanoparticles for the Anti-Markovnikov Oxidation of Allyl Benzene in Water.

The catalytic activity and selectivity of two different water-soluble palladium nanoparticles capped with 5-(trimethylammonio)pentanethiolate and 6-(carboxylate)hexanethiolate ligands are investigated using the catalytic reaction of allyl benzene. The results show that the regioselective transformation of allyl benzene to 3-phenylpropanal occurs at room temperature and under atmospheric pressure in neat water via a Tsuji-Wacker type oxidation. Conventionally, the Tsuji-Wacker oxidation promotes the Markovnikov oxidation of terminal alkenes to their respective ketones in the presence of dioxygen.

A hybrid computational aeroacoustic methodology for broadband noise prediction.

Current hybrid computational aeroacoustic methodologies for broadband noise prediction rely on large eddy simulation (LES) for noise source computation, and integral methods for noise propagation. In this paper, LES of a benchmark controlled-diffusion airfoil was conducted, utilizing the rotation rate based Smagorinsky model (RoSM). The RoSM is seen to provide flow results of equal or improved accuracy as compared to the dynamic Smagorinsky model, with 35% less computational cost, with computational benefits of the RoSM increasing with mesh size.