The role of prophylactic parathyroidectomy during thyroidectomy for MTC in patients with MEN2A syndrome.

To define the role of prophylactic parathyroidectomy in the surgical treatment of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) in multiple endocrine neoplasia type IIa (MEN2A) syndrome through a literature review.

Postoperative hypofractionated-accelerated radiotherapy (HypoAR) for locally advanced rectal cancer.

Background: despite the advances in preoperative hypofractionated-accelerated radiotherapy for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer, postoperative radiotherapy delivered with standard fractionation (46-50 Gy in 5 weeks) remains a standard adjuvant schedule. The role of hypofractionated-accelerated radiotherapy in a postoperative setting remains largely unexplored.

Methods: eighty-eight patients with rectal cancer infiltrating the rectal wall and/or having metastasis to the perirectal lymph nodes were treated with surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy and, subsequently, with hypofractionated-accelerated radiotherapy.

Sister Mary Joseph's nodule: the tip of an iceberg.

Sister Mary Joseph's nodule is a rare palpable umbilical cutaneous lesion as a result of an advanced intra-abdominal and/or pelvic malignancy. It may be the initial clinical manifestation of an underlying malignancy, originating mainly from the gastro-digestive or genito-urinary tract. We present here a rare case of a 67-year-old woman with a Sister Mary Joseph's nodule.

A Case of Symptomatic Gallbladder Agenesis with Chronic Abdominal Symptoms.

The anatomical area of the extrahepatic bile ducts exhibits plethora of anatomic variants. The detailed study and comprehension of anatomic variations of extrahepatic bile ducts is a prerequisite in order to avoid the intraoperative biliary or tract damages, but they are also necessary for the targeted treatment of any complications. Gallbladder agenesis is a rare congenital anomaly of the biliary tree with an estimated incidence of 0.