Breakthrough COVID-19 Infections after Booster SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in a Greek Cohort of People Living with HIV during the Delta and Omicron Waves.

Introduction: Currently approved SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have been proven effective in protecting against severe COVID-19; however, they show variable efficacy against symptomatic infection and disease transmission. We studied the breakthrough COVID-19 infection (BTI) after booster vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 in people living with HIV (PWH).

Methods: This was a retrospective, single-center, descriptive cohort study involving PWH, who were followed in the HIV Clinic of "Attikon" University Hospital in Athens, Greece.

Buffering Capacity in Sepsis: A Prospective Cohort Study in Critically Ill Patients.

Background: The concept of buffering generally refers to the ability of a system/organism to withstand attempted changes. For acid-base balance in particular, it is the body's ability to limit pH aberrations when factors that potentially affect it change. Buffering is vital for maintaining homeostasis of an organism.

Hyperchloraemia in sepsis.

Chloride represents-quantitatively-the most prevalent, negatively charged, strong plasma electrolyte. Control of chloride concentration is a probable major mechanism for regulating the body's acid-base balance and for maintaining homeostasis of the entire internal environment. The difference between the concentrations of chloride and sodium constitutes the major contributor to the strong ion difference (SID); SID is the key pH regulator in the body, according to the physicochemical approach.