Occurrence of Luteolin in the Greek Flora, Isolation of Luteolin and Its Action for the Treatment of Periodontal Diseases.

Higher plants possess the ability to synthesize a great number of compounds with many different functions, known as secondary metabolites. Polyphenols, a class of flavonoids, are secondary metabolites that play a crucial role in plant adaptation to both biotic and abiotic environments, including UV radiation, high light intensity, low/high temperatures, and attacks from pathogens, among others. One of the compounds that has received great attention over the last few years is luteolin.

Basil () Landraces Can Be Used in a Water-Limited Environment.

Basil ( L.) is a member of the Labiatae family and is one of the most widely consumed aromatic and medicinal plants in many countries due to its numerous properties and uses. The objective of the study was to determine whether landraces are better adapted to water-limited environments compared to commercial cultivars.

Effect of Low Water Availability on Seed Yield and Seed Quality of Basil ().

Basil ( L.) is an aromatic and medicinal plant with important properties and is used as an alternative crop in many countries of the world because of its medicinal, economic, industrial, and nutritional importance. The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of low water availability on seed production and seed quality of five cultivars of basil (Mrs Burns, Cinnamon, Sweet, Red Rubin, and Thai).

Carbon Assimilation, Isotope Discrimination, Proline and Lipid Peroxidation Contribution to Barley () Salinity Tolerance.

Barley ( L.) exhibits great adaptability to salt tolerance in marginal environments because of its great genetic diversity. Differences in main biochemical, physiological, and molecular processes, which could explain the different tolerance to soil salinity of 16 barley varieties, were examined during a two-year field experiment.

An efficient framework for conducting systematic literature reviews in agricultural sciences.

Systematic review has generally been accepted as an effective, more complete, repeatable, and less biased type literature review that can successfully lead to evidence-based conclusions. This study attempts to develop a framework for systematic review with guidelines on how to conduct an effective systematic review for agricultural research. Systematic reviews require more time and effort but they can be used to conduct a comprehensive literature review, identifying potentially eligible articles on primary agricultural research and answering certain focused questions.

Wheat landraces are better qualified as potential gene pools at ultraspaced rather than densely grown conditions.

The negative relationship between the yield potential of a genotype and its competitive ability may constitute an obstacle to recognize outstanding genotypes within heterogeneous populations. This issue was investigated by growing six heterogeneous wheat landraces along with a pure-line commercial cultivar under both dense and widely spaced conditions. The performance of two landraces showed a perfect match to the above relationship.

Corn poppy (Papaver rhoeas) cross-resistance to ALS-inhibiting herbicides.

Background: Papaver rhoeas (L.) has evolved resistance to tribenuron in winter wheat fields in northern Greece owing to multiple Pro(197) substitutions. Therefore, the cross-resistance pattern to other sulfonylurea and non-sulfonylurea ALS-inhibiting herbicides of the tribenuron resistant (R) and susceptible (S) corn poppy populations was studied by using whole-plant trials and in vitro ALS catalytic activity assays.

Nonsymbiotic hemoglobins and stress tolerance in plants.

Hemoglobins (Hbs) are heme containing proteins found in most organisms including animals, bacteria, and plants. Their structure, size, and function are quite diverse among the different organisms. There are three different types of hemoglobins in plants: symbiotic (sHb), nonsymbiotic (nsHb), and truncated hemoglobins (trHb).

INCREASED CONCENTRATION OF SOIL CADMIUM AFFECTS ON PLANT GROWTH, DRY MATTER ACCUMULATION, Cd, AND Zn UPTAKE OF DIFFERENT TOBACCO CULTIVARS (NICOTIANA TABACUM L.).

Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic trace metal pollutant for humans, animals, and plants. Tobacco is a wellknown efficient accumulator of Cd and the genotypic differences in Cd uptake and the response to Cd was not determined. The objectives of this study were to investigate: 1) the effects of Cd on the growth and development of different tobacco cultivars; 2) the differences among tobacco cultivars in Cd concentration, uptake, and use for the phytoremediation of polluted soils with Cd; and (3) the interactions between Cd and Zn with respect to concentration and uptake.

Class-1 hemoglobins, nitrate and NO levels in anoxic maize cell-suspension cultures.

Nitric oxide (NO) is a reactive gas involved in many biological processes of animals, plants and microbes. Previous work has demonstrated that NO is formed during hypoxia in alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) root cultures and that the levels of NO detected are inversely related to the levels of expression of class-1 hemoglobin expressed in the tissue.

Expression of a stress-induced hemoglobin affects NO levels produced by alfalfa root cultures under hypoxic stress.

Transgenic alfalfa root cultures expressing sense and antisense barley hemoglobin transcripts were examined under varying levels of atmospheric oxygen. Root cultures overexpressing the hemoglobin gene (Hb+) maintained root growth when placed under 3% oxygen, whereas control cultures or cultures underexpressing hemoglobin (Hb-) experienced 30-70% declines in growth under the same conditions. ATP levels and ATP/ADP ratios for Hb+ lines did not significantly differ in 40 and 3% oxygen, whereas the ATP levels and ATP/ADP ratios in control and Hb- lines were significantly lower under 3% oxygen.

Plant haemoglobins, nitric oxide and hypoxic stress.

It is now known that there are several classes of haemoglobins in plants. A specialized class of haemoglobins, symbiotic haemoglobins, were discovered 62 years ago and are found only in nodules of plants capable of symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Plant haemoglobins, with properties distinct from symbiotic haemoglobins were discovered 18 years ago and are now believed to exist throughout the plant kingdom.