A study of the long term changes in the electromagnetic environment using data from continuous monitoring sensors in Greece.

Owing to the advancement of wireless technologies, there is a strong public perception of increasing exposure to Radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic fields (EMF). The aim of this study is to determine the evolution of EMF in the environment, and consequently, human exposure to them, over a period of about two decades, spanning from the end of 2003 until February 2022. The study is based on data collected by two non-ionizing radiation monitoring networks in Greece.

Electromagnetic Fields Exposure Assessment in Europe Utilizing Publicly Available Data.

The ever-increasing use of wireless communication systems during the last few decades has raised concerns about the potential health effects of electromagnetic fields (EMFs) on humans. Safety limits and exposure assessment methods were developed and are regularly updated to mitigate health risks. Continuous radiofrequency EMF monitoring networks and in situ measurement campaigns provide useful information about environmental EMF levels and their variations over time and in different microenvironments.

Competing Metal-Ligand Interactions in Tris(cyclopentadienyl)-cyclohexylisonitrile Complexes of Trivalent Actinides and Lanthanides.

The structure and bonding properties of 16 complexes formed by trivalent f elements (M=U, Np, Pu and lanthanides except for Pm and Pr) with cyclopentadienyl (Cp) and cyclohexylisonitrile (C≡NCy) ligands, (Cp)M(C≡NCy), were studied by a joint experimental (XRD, NMR) and theoretical (DFT) analysis. For the large La(III) ion, the bis-adduct (Cp)La(C≡NCy) could also be synthesized and characterized. The metal-ligand interactions, focusing on the comparison of the actinides and lanthanides as well as on the competition of the two different ligands for M, were elucidated using the Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules (QTAIM) and Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) models.

Dosing Ac-DOTATOC in patients with somatostatin-receptor-positive solid tumors: 5-year follow-up of hematological and renal toxicity.

Purpose: The aim of this retrospective analysis is to estimate the most appropriate single cycle and cumulative doses of Ac-DOTATOC in patients treated for somatostatin-receptor-expressing cancers.

Methods: Ac-DOTATOC was administered to thirty-nine patients with various somatostatin-receptor-positive tumors. Baseline and follow-up Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT, lab tests, and renal scintigraphy were obtained.

Tris-{hydridotris(1-pyrazolyl)borato}actinide Complexes: Synthesis, Spectroscopy, Crystal Structure, Bonding Properties and Magnetic Behaviour.

The isostructural compounds of the trivalent actinides uranium, neptunium, plutonium, americium, and curium with the hydridotris(1-pyrazolyl)borato (Tp) ligand An[η -HB(N C H ) ] (AnTp ) have been obtained through several synthetic routes. Structural, spectroscopic (absorption, infrared, laser fluorescence) and magnetic characterisation of the compounds were performed in combination with crystal field, density functional theory (DFT) and relativistic multiconfigurational calculations. The covalent bonding interactions were analysed in terms of the natural bond orbital (NBO) and quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) models.

Supply and Clinical Application of Actinium-225 and Bismuth-213.

The recent development of Ac-PSMA617 for therapy of prostate cancer has strikingly demonstrated the clinical potential of targeted alpha therapy. Further promising applications of the alpha emitters Actinium and its daughter nuclide Bismuth include the therapy of brain tumors, bladder cancer, neuroendocrine tumors, and leukemia. This paper will provide a brief overview on the current status of the clinical development of compounds labelled with Ac or Bi and describe the various production routes that are in place or are under development to meet the increasing demand for these radionuclides.

Safety and efficacy of targeted alpha therapy with Bi-DOTA-substance P in recurrent glioblastoma.

Unlabelled: Treatment options for recurrent glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) are very limited. GBM cells express high levels of the GPCR neurokinin type 1 receptor (NK-1R), and a modified substance P can be used as its ligand for the tumor cell targeting. Targeted alpha therapy with DOTA-Substance P labeled with the short range alpha emitter Bi allows for selective irradiation and killing of tumor cells.

An Overview of Targeted Alpha Therapy with Actinium and Bismuth.

Background: Recent reports of the remarkable therapeutic efficacy of 225Ac-labeled PSMA- 617 for therapy of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer have underlined the clinical potential of targeted alpha therapy.

Objective And Conclusion: This review describes methods for the production of 225Ac and its daughter nuclide 213Bi and summarizes the current clinical experience with both alpha emitters with particular focus on recent studies of targeted alpha therapy of bladder cancer, brain tumors, neuroendocrine tumors and prostate cancer.

Prolonged survival in secondary glioblastoma following local injection of targeted alpha therapy with Bi-substance P analogue.

Background: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most common malignant brain tumor, mainly manifests as a primary de novo and less frequently as a secondary glial neoplasm. GBM has been demonstrated to overexpress the NK-1 receptor and substance P can be used as a ligand for targeted therapy. Alpha emitters, e.

Treatment of carcinoma in situ of the urinary bladder with an alpha-emitter immunoconjugate targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor: a pilot study.

Purpose: Patients with carcinoma in situ (CIS) of the bladder refractory to bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) treatment are usually treated with cystectomy. Therefore, new treatment options with preservation of the urinary bladder are needed. The objective of the study was to investigate the feasibility, safety and efficacy of a novel targeted alpha-emitter immunotherapy for CIS after BCG treatment failure.

In vitro evaluation of Ac-DOTA-substance P for targeted alpha therapy of glioblastoma multiforme.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant form of brain tumors with dismal prognosis despite treatment by surgery combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The neuropeptide Substance P (SP) is the physiological ligand of the neurokinin-1 receptor, which is highly expressed in glioblastoma cells. Thus, SP represents a potential ligand for targeted alpha therapy.

Solid-State Structure of Tris-Cyclopentadienide Uranium(III) and Plutonium(III).

The organometallic tris-cyclopentadienide actinide(III) (AnCp ) complexes were first reported about 50 years ago. However, up until now, only the NpCp solid state structure has been studied. Here we report on the solid state structures of UCp and PuCp which are isostructural to the Np analogue.

Reduction chemistry of neptunium cyclopentadienide complexes: from structure to understanding.

Neptunium complexes in the formal oxidation states II, III, and IV supported by cyclopentadienyl ligands are explored, and significant differences between Np and U highlighted as a result. A series of neptunium(iii) cyclopentadienyl (Cp) complexes [Np(Cp)], its bis-acetonitrile adduct [Np(Cp)(NCMe)], and its KCp adduct K[Np(Cp)] and [Np(Cp')] (Cp' = CHSiMe) have been made and characterised providing the first single crystal X-ray analyses of Np Cp complexes. In all NpCp derivatives there are three Cp rings in η-coordination around the Np centre; additionally in [Np(Cp)] and K[Np(Cp)] one Cp ring establishes a μ-η-interaction to one C atom of a neighbouring Np(Cp) unit.

Targeted α-Therapy of Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer with Ac-PSMA-617: Dosimetry Estimate and Empiric Dose Finding.

The aim of this study was to develop a treatment protocol for Ac-PSMA-617 α-radiation therapy in advanced-stage, metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients with prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-positive tumor phenotype. A dosimetry estimate was calculated on the basis of time-activity curves derived from serially obtained Lu-PSMA-617 scans extrapolated to the physical half-life of Ac, assuming instant decay of unstable daughter nuclides. Salvage therapies empirically conducted with 50 ( = 4), 100 ( = 4), 150 ( = 2), and 200 kBq/kg ( = 4) of Ac-PSMA-617 were evaluated retrospectively regarding toxicity and treatment response.

A Structurally Characterized Organometallic Plutonium(IV) Complex.

The blood-red plutonocene complex Pu(1,3-COT'')(1,4-COT'') (4; COT''=η -bis(trimethylsilyl)cyclooctatetraenyl) has been synthesized by oxidation of the anionic sandwich complex Li[Pu(1,4-COT'') ] (3) with anhydrous cobalt(II) chloride. The first crystal structure determination of an organoplutonium(IV) complex revealed an asymmetric sandwich structure for 4 where one COT'' ring is 1,3-substituted while the other retains the original 1,4-substitution pattern. The electronic structure of 4 has been elucidated by a computational study, revealing a probable cause for the unexpected silyl group migration.

Subtle Interactions and Electron Transfer between U(III) , Np(III) , or Pu(III) and Uranyl Mediated by the Oxo Group.

A dramatic difference in the ability of the reducing An(III) center in AnCp3 (An=U, Np, Pu; Cp=C5 H5 ) to oxo-bind and reduce the uranyl(VI) dication in the complex [(UO2 )(THF)(H2 L)] (L="Pacman" Schiff-base polypyrrolic macrocycle), is found and explained. These are the first selective functionalizations of the uranyl oxo by another actinide cation. At-first contradictory electronic structural data are explained by combining theory and experiment.

Organometallic neptunium(III) complexes.

Studies of transuranic organometallic complexes provide a particularly valuable insight into covalent contributions to the metal-ligand bonding, in which the subtle differences between the transuranium actinide ions and their lighter lanthanide counterparts are of fundamental importance for the effective remediation of nuclear waste. Unlike the organometallic chemistry of uranium, which has focused strongly on U(III) and has seen some spectacular advances, that of the transuranics is significantly technically more challenging and has remained dormant. In the case of neptunium, it is limited mainly to Np(IV).

225Ac-PSMA-617 for PSMA-Targeted α-Radiation Therapy of Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer.

Unlabelled: Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a promising target in prostate cancer. Recently, we started the first-in-human treatment with an α-radionuclide-labeled PSMA ligand. Although the case series is still ongoing, we here report in advance about two patients in highly challenging clinical situations who showed a complete response to Ac-PSMA-617 therapy.

T-Bar Utilization for Concomitant Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Operation and Left Upper Lobectomy.

Management in patients with coexisting coronary artery disease and lung carcinoma is usually a two-stage operation, with the cardiac surgery procedure followed by pulmonary resection at a later time. Delayed tumor resection on the other hand may be detrimental. Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting could facilitate concomitant lung resection at one stage via median sternotomy.

Effects of radiation type and delivery mode on a radioresistant eukaryote Cryptococcus neoformans.

Introduction: Most research on radioresistant fungi, particularly on human pathogens such as Cryptococcus neoformans, involves sparsely-ionizing radiation. Consequently, fungal responses to densely-ionizing radiation, which can be harnessed to treat life-threatening fungal infections, remain incompletely understood.

Methods: We addressed this issue by quantifying and comparing the effects of densely-ionizing α-particles (delivered either by external beam or by (213)Bi-labeled monoclonal antibodies), and sparsely-ionizing (137)Cs γ-rays, on Cryptococcus neoformans.

Ross procedure in a child with Aspergillus endocarditis and bicuspid aortic valve.

The case is presented of a previously healthy infant with a known asymptomatic bicuspid aortic valve who developed fungal endocarditis. The patient underwent aortic root replacement with a pulmonary autograft (Ross procedure). Cultured operative material revealed Aspergillus infection.

Ultra-small plutonium oxide nanocrystals: an innovative material in plutonium science.

Apart from its technological importance, plutonium (Pu) is also one of the most intriguing elements because of its non-conventional physical properties and fascinating chemistry. Those fundamental aspects are particularly interesting when dealing with the challenging study of plutonium-based nanomaterials. Here we show that ultra-small (3.

Diversity of congenital cardiac defects and skeletal deformities associated with the Holt-Oram syndrome.

Introduction: The Holt-Oram syndrome is a rare congenital disorder involving the skeletal and cardiovascular systems. It is characterized by upper limb deformities and cardiac malformations, atrial septal defects in particular.

Presentation Of Case: Four consecutive patients 1-15 years old with the Holt-Oram syndrome presented over a 10 year span for surgical treatment of their cardiac maladies.

Branched amphiphilic peptide capsules: cellular uptake and retention of encapsulated solutes.

Branched amphiphilic peptide capsules (BAPCs) are peptide nano-spheres comprised of equimolar proportions of two branched peptide sequences bis(FLIVI)-K-KKKK and bis(FLIVIGSII)-K-KKKK that self-assemble to form bilayer delimited capsules. In two recent publications we described the lipid analogous characteristics of our BAPCs, examined their initial assembly, mode of fusion, solute encapsulation, and resizing and delineated their capability to be maintained at a specific size by storing them at 4°C. In this report we describe the stability, size limitations of encapsulation, cellular localization, retention and, bio-distribution of the BAPCs in vivo.