Posttraumatic orbital emphysema: incidence, topographic classification and possible pathophysiologic mechanisms. A retrospective study of 137 patients.

Objective: The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the incidence of posttraumatic orbital emphysema (OE) and to propose a radiologic topographic classification as well as a possible pathophysiologic model.

Study Design: Orbital fine-cut (1 mm) computerized tomographic scan slices from 137 patients were used to assess the fracture's type, the presence and position of OE, and periorbital tissue herniation. The OE was categorized into the following 5 compartments: subcutaneous periorbital, peribulbar, retrobulbar extra- and intraconal, and pterygopalatine fossa.

Phlebotonics for haemorrhoids.

Background: Haemorrhoids are variceal dilatations of the anal and perianal venous plexus and often develop secondary to the persistently elevated venous pressure within the haemorrhoidal plexus (Kumar 2005). Phlebotonics are a heterogenous class of drugs consisting of plant extracts (i.e.

Can systematic computed tomographic scan assessment predict treatment decision in pure orbital floor blowout fractures?

Purpose: To describe and evaluate the reliability and the accuracy of a specific computed tomography-based assessment in predicting treatment decisions for pure orbital floor blowout fractures (BOFs).

Materials And Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, the charts of all patients presenting with isolated BOFs from January 2009 through April 2011 at the University Hospital of Geneva were reviewed. The systematic computed tomographic assessment included the following 3 parameters: 1) ratio of the fractured orbital floor; 2) maximal height of periorbital tissue herniation, and 3) a 4-grade muscular subscore describing the position of the inferior rectus muscle relative to the level of the orbital floor.

Computational area measurement of orbital floor fractures: reliability, accuracy and rapidity.

Objective: To evaluate the reliability, accuracy and rapidity of a specific computational method for assessing the orbital floor fracture area on a CT scan.

Method: A computer assessment of the area of the fracture, as well as that of the total orbital floor, was determined on CT scans taken from ten patients. The ratio of the fracture's area to the orbital floor area was also calculated.

Phacolytic glaucoma: are there 2 forms?

We report a case of acute phacolytic glaucoma in which only protein was present in the anterior chamber without macrophages. We propose that this study represents a type of phacolytic glaucoma characterized by a hyperacute presentation caused by rapid leakage of degenerated lens proteins into the aqueous humor as opposed to a second type with a more gradual onset and with phacolytic macrophages in the aqueous humor resulting from an immunologic response to liquefied lens proteins. Thus, 2 forms, perhaps at ends of a spectrum of clinical manifestations of phacolytic glaucoma, may exist with distinct characteristics and pathophysiology.

Topiramate-induced acute bilateral angle closure and myopia: pathophysiology and treatment controversies.

Purpose: To discuss the unusual features of topiramate-induced acute angle closure glaucoma, its pathophysiologic mechanisms, and treatment controversies, and to report the first anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT) of this condition.

Methods: Literature review and case report with OCT findings.

Results: Topiramate-induced angle closure is usually bilateral and associated with acute myopia; the ocular pressure is often not very highly elevated.