Notes for the general paediatrician: managing thyrotoxicosis in children and young people.

Thyrotoxicosis due to hyperthyroidism is a serious disorder in childhood often presenting to general paediatricians with a range of clinical manifestations. The commonest cause is Graves' disease, an autoimmune disorder resulting from thyrotropin receptor stimulation by autoantibodies. Early recognition and accurate interpretation of investigations are essential to achieve and maintain a euthyroid state.

Correction: Withaferin A (WFA) inhibits tumor growth and metastasis by targeting ovarian cancer stem cells.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20170.

Complexities in the medical management of hypoglycaemia due to congenital hyperinsulinism.

Congenital Hyperinsulinism (CHI) is a rare disease of hypoglycaemia but is the most common form of recurrent and severe hypoglycaemia causing brain injury and neurodisability in children. The management of CHI is complex due to the limited choice of medications, all with a limited therapeutic window, often lacking efficacy and associated with serious side effects. The therapeutic strategy in CHI is to recognize and treat hypoglycaemia promptly, thereby optimizing long-term neurological outcomes; this should be achieved through individualized treatment plans that deliver glycaemic stability while minimizing side effects.

Withaferin A (WFA) inhibits tumor growth and metastasis by targeting ovarian cancer stem cells.

Ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of deaths due to cancer among women in the United States. In 2017, 22,440 women are expected to be diagnosed with ovarian cancer and 14,080 women will die with it. Currently used chemotherapies (Cisplatin or platinum/taxane combination) targets cancer cells, but spares cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are responsible for tumor relapse leading to recurrence of cancer.

DOXIL when combined with Withaferin A (WFA) targets ALDH1 positive cancer stem cells in ovarian cancer.

Ovarian cancer is a highly aggressive and deadly disease. Currently, the treatment for ovarian cancer entails cytoreductive surgery followed by chemotherapy, mainly cisplatin or carboplatin combined with paclitaxel. Although this regimen is initially effective in a high percentage of cases, unfortunately, after few months of initial treatment, tumor relapse occurs due to platinum-resistance.

2010 FIFA world cup South Africa: travel health issues and new options for protection against meningococcal disease.

The public health implications of large crowds gathering at a range of key global events should never be underestimated. This is especially the case with the upcoming 2010 FIFA World Cup South Africa programme where thousands of local and travelling spectators, players and officials from all over the world will be present. Although meningococcal disease contracted whilst actually travelling is relatively rare, any travel health risk assessment should involve consideration of potential exposure to and transmission of this disease where crowding occurs.

Transcriptomic screening of microvascular endothelial cells implicates novel molecular regulators of vascular dysfunction after spinal cord injury.

Microvascular dysfunction is a critical pathology that underlies the evolution of secondary injury mechanisms after traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). However, little is known of the molecular regulation of endothelial cell (EC) plasticity observed acutely after injury. One reason for this is the relative lack of methods to quickly and efficiently obtain highly enriched spinal microvascular ECs for high-throughput molecular and biochemical analyses.

Fluorescence-activated cell sorting of EGFP-labeled neural crest cells from murine embryonic craniofacial tissue.

During the early stages of embryogenesis, pluripotent neural crest cells (NCC) are known to migrate from the neural folds to populate multiple target sites in the embryo where they differentiate into various derivatives, including cartilage, bone, connective tissue, melanocytes, glia, and neurons of the peripheral nervous system. The ability to obtain pure NCC populations is essential to enable molecular analyses of neural crest induction, migration, and/or differentiation. Crossing Wnt 1-Cre and Z/EG transgenic mouse lines resulted in offspring in which the Wnt 1-Cre transgene activated permanent EGFP expression only in NCC.