Perioperative Outcomes of Branchial Cleft Sinus Tract Excision in Pediatric Patients Without the Use of Intraoperative Dye.

Background: Branchial cleft cysts are pediatric congenital anomalies that can present as sinus tracts to the neck. Intraoperative methylene blue dye with fibrin glue has been suggested as an effective tool for tracking the tract's depth to help definitively excise. In this large retrospective study of 118 patients spanning a decade, we aim to elucidate outcomes of branchial cleft anomaly excision without methylene blue dye.

Otolaryngologists Demonstrate Low Agreement on Pediatric Airway Inflammation Assessment.

Objectives: Microlaryngoscopy and bronchoscopy (MLB) are essential tools for evaluating airway inflammation, but the reliability of endoscopic assessments for this purpose remains unclear. The aim of this study was to assess surgeons' interrater reliability during endoscopic assessment of airway inflammation. The endoscopic factors used to determine overall airway inflammation were also assessed.

Novel Hyoid Reconstruction and Tracheal Onlay Grafting in a Child with Teratoma and Absence of Hyoid.

Herein is presented a case of a 3-year-old who was the product of a pregnancy complicated by fetal congenital cervical teratoma. The teratoma was resected day-of-life 6, and he underwent tracheotomy. Radiologic review of his cartilaginous cervical anatomy in utero, pre- and post-tumor excision indicated congenital absence of the hyoid.

Consensus on intake questionnaire data elements in the development of an aerodigestive registry.

Objective: To define the essential elements of the intake questionnaire that will be a part of a larger multicenter registry for aerodigestive patients.

Methods: A modified Delphi method was utilized to obtain consensus on the data elements that should warrant inclusion in the final research database. Patient questionnaires from the eight participating institutions were reviewed and individual elements were aggregated into 14 categories.

Cholesteatoma in the pediatric aerodigestive population.

Objectives: To report the prevalence of cholesteatoma and related comorbidities in pediatric aerodigestive patients requiring tracheostomy or airway reconstruction procedures. To use study findings to inform clinical management of these complex patients.

Methods: A repository of clinical data drawn from our institution's electronic medical records was queried to identify airway reconstruction (airway) and complex hospital control (control) patient cohorts.

A Single Center Description of Adult and Pediatric Endoscopic Posterior Costal Cartilage Grafting.

Objective: Posterior glottis impairment alters breathing, voicing, and swallowing. Bilateral vocal fold movement impairment (BVFMI) occurs when the vocal cords are fixed/remain midline. Studies inadequately assessed endoscopic posterior costal cartilage grafting (enPCCG) for BVFMI across broad ages.

Mucosal Microbiome Disruption in Acute Laryngeal Injury Following Intubation.

The objective of this study was to characterize mucosal microbial shifts in patients with acute laryngeal injury (ALgI) after intubation. This cross-sectional study included 20 patients with ALgI who underwent early endoscopic intervention with tissue culture, 20 patients with idiopathic subglottic stenosis (iSGS) who underwent tissue culture during the routine endoscopic intervention, and 3 control patients who underwent mucosal swab culture. 70% of the ALgI patients had a positive culture compared to 5% of the iSGS patients and none of the controls.

Electrode array positioning after cochlear reimplantation from single manufacturer.

Objective: To investigate whether revision surgery with the same device results in a change in three key indicators of electrode positioning: scalar location, mean modiolar distance (), and angular insertion depth (AID).

Methods: Retrospective analysis of a cochlear implant database at a university-based tertiary medical center. Intra-operative CT scans were obtained after initial and revision implantation.

Comparative Treatment Outcomes for Idiopathic Subglottic Stenosis: 5-Year Update.

The North American Airway Collaborative (NoAAC) previously published a 3-year multi-institutional prospective cohort study showing variation in treatment effectiveness between 3 primary surgical techniques for idiopathic subglottic stenosis (iSGS). In this report, we update these findings to include 5 years of data evaluating treatment effectiveness. Patients in the NoAAC cohort were re-enrolled for 2 additional years and followed using the prespecified published protocol.

Consensus on Triple Endoscopy Data Elements Preparatory to Development of an Aerodigestive Registry.

Objectives/hypothesis: This study defines essential data elements to be recorded during an aerodigestive "triple endoscopy" to form the foundation of a standardized multicenter registry and to clearly define measurement of each consensus item.

Study Design: Modified Delphi process.

Methods: Modified Delphi consensus with six survey rounds.

Corrigendum to 'Undetectable viral load within the mastoid during cochlear implantation in a patient with Covid-19'.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.xocr.

Functional results of endoscopic arytenoid abduction lateropexy for bilateral vocal fold palsy.

Purpose: Endoscopic arytenoid abduction lateropexy (EAAL) is a reliable surgical solution for the minimally invasive treatment of bilateral vocal fold palsy (BVFP), providing a stable airway by the lateralization of the arytenoid cartilages with a simple suture. The nondestructive manner of the intervention theoretically leads to higher regeneration potential, thus better voice quality. The study aimed to investigate the respiratory and phonatory outcomes of this treatment concept.

Clinical Significance of Mast Cells in the Supraglottic Larynx of Children With Aerodigestive Disease.

Objective: To analyze the association of mast cells found on supraglottic biopsy of pediatric patients with common aerodigestive diseases.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: Tertiary care children's hospital.

Genetic and Non-genetic Workup for Pediatric Congenital Hearing Loss.

Hearing loss is one of the most common concerns for presentation for a geneticist. Presentation prior to the age of one (congenital hearing loss), profound sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), and bilateral hearing loss are sensitive and should raise concern for genetic causes of hearing loss and prompt referral for genetic testing. Genetic testing particularly in this instance offers the opportunity for anticipatory guidance including possible course of the hearing loss over time and also connection and evaluation for additional congenital anomalies that may be associated with an underlying syndrome vs.

Association of Social Determinants of Health with Time to Diagnosis and Treatment Outcomes in Idiopathic Subglottic Stenosis.

Objectives: To examine whether social determinants of health (SDH) factors are associated with time to diagnosis, treatment selection, and time to recurrent surgical intervention in idiopathic subglottic stenosis (iSGS) patients.

Methods: Adult patients with diagnosed iSGS were recruited prospectively (2015-2017) via clinical providers as part of the North American Airway Collaborative (NoAAC) and via an online iSGS support community on Facebook. Patient-specific SDH factors included highest educational attainment (self-reported), median household income (matched from home zip code via U.

Pediatric Otolaryngology Telehealth in Response to COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons Learned and Impact on the Future Management of Pediatric Patients.

Background: Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic outpatient medicine has drastically been altered how it is delivered. This time period likely represents the largest volume of telehealth visits in the United States health care history. Telehealth presents unique challenges within each subspecialty, and pediatric otolaryngology is no different.

Competency-Based Assessment Tool for Pediatric Esophagoscopy: International Modified Delphi Consensus.

Objectives/hypothesis: Create a competency-based assessment tool for pediatric esophagoscopy with foreign body removal.

Study Design: Blinded modified Delphi consensus process.

Setting: Tertiary care center.

A Novel Endoscopic Arytenoid Medialization for Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis.

Objectives/hypothesis: Arytenoid adduction (AA) has been indicated for unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP) patients with vertical vocal fold height mismatch and/or large posterior glottic gaps that are unable to be adequately addressed by anterior medialization techniques. Although AA offers several advantages over other methods, it is technically challenging and involves significant laryngeal manipulation of the cricoarytenoid joint. A novel, minimally invasive endoscopic arytenoid medialization technique is presented for the closure of the posterior commissure.

The Proximal Airway Is a Reservoir for Adaptive Immunologic Memory in Idiopathic Subglottic Stenosis.

Objectives/hypothesis: Characterization of the localized adaptive immune response in the airway scar of patients with idiopathic subglottic stenosis (iSGS).

Study Design: Basic Science.

Methods: Utilizing 36 patients with subglottic stenosis (25 idiopathic subglottic stenosis [iSGS], 10 iatrogenic post-intubation stenosis [iLTS], and one granulomatosis with polyangiitis [GPA]) we applied immunohistochemical and immunologic techniques coupled with RNA sequencing.

The Incidence of Laryngotracheal Stenosis in Neonates With a History of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia.

Objectives/hypothesis: Neonatal patients requiring prolonged intubation are susceptible to both infection and laryngotracheal stenosis (LTS). This study investigated the effect of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) on the development of LTS in neonates.

Study Design: Retrospective case-control study.