Hazard perception performance and psychological factors of distracted drivers: what are the associations?

Objective: Distracted driving is a major contributor to crashes involving younger drivers. A considerable amount of evidence emphasizes the link between driver distraction, poorer driving performance and increased crash risk. However, limited research has examined the effects of mobile phone use on hazard perception performance, especially younger drivers.

Sleep and lucid dreaming in adolescent athletes and non-athletes.

During lucid dreaming (LD), dreamers are aware of experiencing a dream and may consciously influence its content. This study used an online questionnaire to investigate the LD frequency and applications in 193 adolescent athletes and non-athletes (17.40 ± 2.

"Praise in Public; Criticize in Private": Unwritable Assessment Comments and the Performance Information That Resists Being Written.

Purpose: Written assessment comments are needed to archive feedback and inform decisions. Regrettably, comments are often impoverished, leaving performance-relevant information undocumented. Research has focused on content and supervisor's ability and motivation to write it but has not sufficiently examined how well the undocumented information lends itself to being written as comments.

"I Think Many of Them Want to Appear to Have a Growth Mindset": Exploring Supervisors' Perceptions of Feedback-Seeking Behavior.

Purpose: Feedback seeking is an expected learner competency. Motivations to seek feedback are well explored, but we know little about how supervisors perceive such requests for feedback. These perceptions matter because how supervisors judge requests can affect the feedback they give.

The courage to advocate: How two professions approach public advocacy work.

Background: While health advocacy is an established physician role, most of the educational attention to advocacy has been at the individual patient level. Public advocacy-efforts to effect change at the level of communities, populations or society-remains a poorly defined concept whose educational foundation is underdeveloped. To enrich our understanding of public advocacy, we explored how professionals in two disciplines-medicine and law-have approached its tasks and experienced its challenges.

Are train horns improving road safety? Road users' perspective.

Train horns are used as a control at railway level crossing for safety. Despite their wide use, limited information exists on their actual safety benefits. This study used focus groups with road users to understand their perceptions of the usefulness of train horns.

A narrative inquiry into non-Indigenous medical educators and leaders participation in reconciliatory work.

Introduction: Globally, medical schools are operationalising policies and programming to address Indigenous health inequities. Although progress has been made, challenges persist. In Canada, where this research is conducted, Indigenous representation within medical schools remains low, leaving a small number of Indigenous advocates leading unprecedented levels of equity-related work, often with insufficient resources.

Examining the Effect of Virtual Learning on Canadian Pre-Clerkship Medical Student Well-Being During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Introduction: The restrictions of the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in the broad and abrupt incorporation of virtual/online learning into medical school curricula. While current literature explores the effectiveness and economic advantages of virtual curricula, robust literature surrounding the effect of virtual learning on medical student well-being is needed. This study aims to explore the effects of a predominantly virtual curriculum on pre-clerkship medical student well-being.

Ivy leaf dry extract EA 575 for the treatment of acute and chronic cough in pediatric patients: review and expert survey.

Objectives: EA 575 (Prospan) is a herbal medicine containing a dried extract of ivy leaves (drug extract ratio 5-7.5:1; extraction solvent, 30% ethanol). Although widely used for the treatment of cough, there remains a lack of clarity on the effects of EA 575 in children.

What does "Timely" Mean to Residents? Challenging Feedback Assumptions in Postgraduate Education.

Introduction: Current orthodoxy states that feedback should be timely and face-to-face, yet the optimal timing and mode of delivery for feedback is unclear. We explored what "optimal timing" means from residents' points of view as feedback providers and receivers, to ultimately inform strategies to optimize feedback in training.

Methods: As near-peers who have dual roles in both providing and receiving feedback, 16 subspecialty (PGY4 and 5) internal medicine residents were interviewed about their perceptions of the optimal timing and format of feedback.

Factors reducing the detectability of train horns by road users: A laboratory study.

Level crossing safety is a well-researched safety issue worldwide, but little attention has been placed on the safety benefits of using train horns when a train approaches a level crossing. Given train horns' adverse effects on the health and well-being of residents living near rail tracks, the use of train horns must be beneficial to safety. The current study sought to determine in a laboratory environment whether road users (N = 31) can detect the range of train horns observed in Australia in terms of loudness and duration, using high-definition audio recordings from railway crossings.

Therapeutic principles and unmet needs in the treatment of cough in pediatric patients: review and expert survey.

Background: There are evidence gaps in the management of pediatric cough, particularly for acute pediatric cough. This study had two aims: to identify therapeutic principles and unmet needs in the treatment of cough in pediatric patients (internationally), and to consider the evidence required to address these unmet needs.

Methods: A MEDLINE/PubMed database search was performed to identify articles describing therapeutic principles in the treatment of pediatric cough.

"Maybe it's the first time somebody's been honest with you": exploring how residents reconcile feedback variability.

Background: Supervisors in postgraduate medical education may deliver different feedback for the same quality of performance. Residents may struggle to make sense of inconsistent and sometimes contradictory information. We sought to explore how residents experience feedback from different supervisors, how they process inconsistent information, and what factors influence their experiences.

Navigating the burden of proof and responsibility: A narrative inquiry into Indigenous medical learners' experiences.

Introduction: Many medical schools have well-established admission pathways and programming to support Indigenous medical workforce development. Ideally, these efforts should contribute to attracting highly qualified Indigenous applicants which, in turn, may improve accessible, quality care for Indigenous people. However, it is difficult to evolve and tailor these approaches without a situated understanding of Indigenous learners' experiences.

Expanding the advocacy lens: using photo-elicitation to capture patients' and physicians' perspectives about health advocacy.

Heath advocacy (HA) remains a difficult competency to train and assess, in part because practicing physicians and learners carry uncertainty about what HA means and we are missing patients' perspectives about the role HA plays in their care. Visual methods are useful tools for exploring nebulous topics in health professions education; using these participatory approaches with physicians and patients might counteract the identified training challenges around HA and more importantly, remedy the exclusion of patient perspectives. In this paper we share the verbal and visual reflections of patients and physicians regarding their conceptualizations of, and engagement in 'everyday' advocacy.

'For the most part it works': Exploring how authors navigate peer review feedback.

Background: Peer review aims to provide meaningful feedback to research authors so that they may improve their work, and yet it constitutes a particularly challenging context for the exchange of feedback. We explore how research authors navigate the process of interpreting and responding to peer review feedback, in order to elaborate how feedback functions when some of the conditions thought to be necessary for it to be effective are not met.

Methods: Using constructivist grounded theory methodology, we interviewed 17 recently published health professions education researchers about their experiences with the peer review process.

Good for patients but not learners? Exploring faculty and learner virtual care integration.

Background: The pandemic catapulted the adoption of virtual care far ahead of its anticipated maturation date, forcing faculty to role model and teach learners with barely enough time to master it themselves. With a scant body of prepandemic literature now accompanied by experience gained under extraordinary circumstances, we can benefit from understanding ad hoc strategies implemented by those on the front lines and from listening to learners about what is working and what is not. The purpose of this study was to explore the experience of learner integration into virtual care from both the faculty and learner perspectives.

Patient-reported outcome measures for life engagement in mental health: a systematic review.

Background: Life engagement in the context of mental health is a broad term that describes positive health aspects relating to cognition, vitality, motivation and reward, and the ability to feel pleasure-concepts that are meaningful to patients. The aim of this systematic literature review was to identify validated patient-reported outcomes (PROs) that can assess any aspect of life engagement in adults, in the field of general mental health.

Methods: This was a systematic literature review of articles in English from the MEDLINE database (date of search: September 9, 2020).

Physiological signal-based drowsiness detection using machine learning: Singular and hybrid signal approaches.

Introduction: Drowsiness is one of the main contributors to road-related crashes and fatalities worldwide. To address this pressing global issue, researchers are continuing to develop driver drowsiness detection systems that use a variety of measures. However, most research on drowsiness detection uses approaches based on a singular metric and, as a result, fail to attain satisfactory reliability and validity to be implemented in vehicles.

An on-road examination of daytime and evening driving on rural roads: physiological, subjective, eye gaze, and driving performance outcomes.

Experiencing sleepiness when driving is associated with increased crash risk. An increasing number of studies have examined on-road driver sleepiness; however, these studies typically assess the effect of sleepiness during the late night or early morning hours when sleep pressure is approaching its greatest. An on-road driving study was performed to assess how a range of physiological and sleepiness measures are impacted when driving during the daytime and evening when moderate sleepiness is experienced.

Prevalence and dynamics of distracted pedestrian behaviour at railway level crossings: Emerging issues.

Recent increases in pedestrian collisions have led to several studies investigating the effects of distraction on pedestrian behaviour at road intersections. Although distraction has been identified as a contributing factor to pedestrian crashes at railway crossings, only limited research is available regarding the prevalence of this behaviour occurring at railway level crossings. It is, therefore, essential to better understand distraction prevalence at railway crossings to support the use of countermeasures to improve safety outcomes.

I, we and they: A linguistic and narrative exploration of the authorship process.

Introduction: While authorship plays a powerful role in the academy, research indicates many authors engage in questionable practices like honorary authorship. This suggests that authorship may be a contested space where individuals must exercise agency-a dynamic and emergent process, embedded in context-to negotiate potentially conflicting norms among published criteria, disciplines and informal practices. This study explores how authors narrate their own and others' agency in making authorship decisions.