Internal Impingement of the Shoulder: A Risk of False Positive Test Outcomes in External Impingement Tests?

Background: External impingement tests are considered as being particularly reliable for identifying subacromial and coracoid shoulder impingement mechanisms. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate if these tests are likely to provoke an internal shoulder impingement mechanism which, in cases of a pathologic condition, can lead to a positive test result.

Method: In 37 subjects, the mechanical contact between the glenoid rim and the rotator cuff (RC) was measured quantitatively and qualitatively in external impingement test positions using an open MRI system.

In vivo analysis of coracoid and subacromial shoulder impingement mechanism during clinical examination.

Background: Understanding the mechanisms of shoulder impingement created by clinical tests is crucial to accurately evaluate the condition. The objective of this study was to relate mechanisms of subacromial and coracoid impingement occurring in positions of the shoulder during clinical examination, in quantitative and qualitative terms.

Methods: A 1.