Optimizing therapeutic enoxaparin in preterm neonates and infants.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to describe the enoxaparin dose required by preterm neonates and infants to achieve therapeutic anti-Xa levels.

Study Design: Retrospective chart review of preterm infants, <12 weeks postnatal age, born before 37 weeks gestation, receiving subcutaneous (SUBQ) enoxaparin every 12 h (q12h) with an anti-Xa goal of 0.5-1 units/mL.

CDK8/19 inhibition triggers a switch from mitosis to endomitosis in cord blood megakaryocytes.

Neonatal and adult megakaryocytes differ in proliferative capacity and ploidy levels, and neonatal and adult platelets differ in function, gene expression, and protein content. The mechanisms underlying these differences are incompletely understood. CDK8 and CDK19 are transcriptional kinases part of the CDK-mediator complex, which regulates gene transcription in a cell-specific manner.

Ultrasound Administration and Reimbursement.

One cannot successfully employ point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) without a process to provide support and guidance. POCUS administration is a multifaceted topic that demands the utmost attention from those responsible for program implementation and long-term execution. This article delves into POCUS administration and is meant to serve as a guide for the practitioner seeking to start, maintain, or augment their POCUS program.

Genetically influenced tobacco and alcohol use behaviors impact erythroid trait variation.

Genome wide association studies (GWAS) have associated thousands of loci with quantitative human blood trait variation. Loci and related genes that impact blood trait variation may regulate blood cell-intrinsic biological processes, or alternatively impact blood cell development and function via systemic factors. Clinical observations have linked tobacco or alcohol use with altered blood traits, but these trait relationships have not been systematically explored at the genetic level.

Utility of Common Bile Duct Identification on Biliary Ultrasound in Emergency Department Patients.

Background: Biliary ultrasound is often utilized in the evaluation of abdominal pain in the Emergency Department (ED). Common bile duct (CBD) identification is traditionally a standard component of the biliary ultrasound examination but can be challenging to perform for the novice sonographer. Previous work has demonstrated that CBD dilatation is rare in cases of cholecystitis with normal liver function tests (LFTs).

It's Not Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome Until Dietl's is Ruled Out: A Case for Point of Care Renal Ultrasound.

Background: Abdominal pain and vomiting are frequent complaints for pediatric patients presenting to the Emergency Department (ED). When a diagnosis such as chronic abdominal pain, cyclic vomiting, or abdominal migraine has previously been made, it can lead to diagnostic momentum and confirmation bias on behalf of the treating physician. Dietl's crisis is a commonly missed diagnosis in the pediatric population that presents with intermittent episodes of pain and vomiting.

Mendelian randomization analyses clarify the effects of height on cardiovascular diseases.

An inverse correlation between stature and risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) has been observed in several epidemiologic studies, and recent Mendelian randomization (MR) experiments have suggested causal association. However, the extent to which the effect estimated by MR can be explained by cardiovascular, anthropometric, lung function, and lifestyle-related risk factors is unclear, with a recent report suggesting that lung function traits could fully explain the height-CAD effect. To clarify this relationship, we utilized a well-powered set of genetic instruments for human stature, comprising >1,800 genetic variants for height and CAD.

Single-cell transcriptomics reveal individual and synergistic effects of Trisomy 21 and GATA1s on hematopoiesis.

Trisomy 21 (T21), or Down syndrome (DS), is associated with baseline macrocytic erythrocytosis, thrombocytopenia, and neutrophilia, as well as transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM) and myeloid leukemia of DS (ML-DS). TAM and ML-DS blasts both arise from an aberrant megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor and exclusively express GATA1s, the truncated isoform of , while germline mutations in a non-T21 context lead to congenital cytopenia(s) without a leukemic predisposition. This suggests that T21 and GATA1s both perturb hematopoiesis in multipotent progenitors, but studying their individual effects is challenging due to limited access to relevant human progenitor populations.

Comparison of transvaginal ultrasound utilization between radiology and point of care ultrasound in first trimester pregnancy.

Background: Transvaginal (TVUS) and transabdominal ultrasound (TAUS) are both utilized in the evaluation of early pregnancy patients. While many practitioners using point of care ultrasound (POCUS) will generally not pursue TVUS in cases where an intrauterine pregnancy (IUP) is visualized on TAUS, this may not be true in Radiology performed ultrasound.

Objectives: To evaluate for differences in transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) utilization between Radiology performed (RP) ultrasound and point of care ultrasound (POCUS) by Emergency Department (ED) physicians in early pregnancy patients.

Nuclear Isolation from Cryopreserved In Vitro Derived Blood Cells.

Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-based models are excellent platforms to understand blood development, and iPSC-derived blood cells have translational utility as clinical testing reagents and transfusable cell therapeutics. The advent and expansion of multiomics analysis, including but not limited to single nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNAseq) and Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin sequencing (snATACseq), offers the potential to revolutionize our understanding of cell development. This includes developmental biology using in vitro hematopoietic models.

Quantitative label-free mass spectrometry reveals content and signaling differences between neonatal and adult platelets.

Background: Recent clinical studies have shown that transfusions of adult platelets increase morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. Neonatal platelets are hyporesponsive to agonist stimulation, and emerging evidence suggests developmental differences in platelet immune functions.

Objectives: This study was designed to compare the proteome and phosphoproteome of resting adult and neonatal platelets.

Phosphoproteomics reveals content and signaling differences between neonatal and adult platelets.

Background And Objective: Recent clinical studies have shown that transfusions of adult platelets increase morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. Neonatal platelets are hyporesponsive to agonist stimulation, and emerging evidence suggests developmental differences in platelet immune functions. This study was designed to compare the proteome and phosphoproteome of resting adult and neonatal platelets.

Tropomyosin 1 deficiency facilitates cell state transitions to enhance hemogenic endothelial cell specification during hematopoiesis.

Tropomyosins coat actin filaments and impact actin-related signaling and cell morphogenesis. Genome-wide association studies have linked () with human blood trait variation. Prior work suggested that regulated blood cell formation in vitro, but it was unclear how or when affected hematopoiesis.

Neonatal Thrombocytopenia as a Presenting Finding in de novo Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency.

Thrombocytopenia is a common laboratory abnormality encountered in critically ill neonates. The broad differential for thrombocytopenia, and its association with potentially severe neonatal pathology, often presents a diagnostic dilemma prompting extensive evaluation. Hemolysis due to red cell enzymopathies is a rare cause of neonatal thrombocytopenia that is typically brief and self-limiting.

Generation of a human Tropomyosin 1 knockout iPSC line.

The CHOPWT17_TPM1KOc28 iPSC line was generated to interrogate the functions of Tropomyosin 1 (TPM1) in primary human cell development. This line was reprogrammed from a previously published wild type control iPSC line.

Focused Ultrasonography in Cardiac Arrest.

Rapid diagnostic tools available to the emergency physician caring for cardiac arrest patients are limited. Focused ultrasound (US), and in particular, focused echocardiography, is a useful tool in the evaluation of patients in cardiac arrest. It can help identify possible causes of cardiac arrest like tamponade and pulmonary embolism, which can guide therapy.

The Utility of Transvaginal Ultrasound After Intrauterine Pregnancy Identification on Transabdominal Ultrasound in Emergency Department Patients.

Introduction: Ultrasonography has an important role in the evaluation of Emergency Department (ED) patients presenting with early pregnancy complaints. Both transabdominal (TAUS) and transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) can be utilized. While TVUS generally allows for greater detail, it is unclear how much added benefit exists in performing TVUS once an intrauterine pregnancy (IUP) has been identified on TAUS.

Mendelian randomization analyses clarify the effects of height on cardiovascular diseases.

An inverse correlation between stature and risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) has been observed in several epidemiologic studies, and recent Mendelian randomization (MR) experiments have suggested causal association. However, the extent to which the effect estimated by MR can be explained by established cardiovascular risk factors is unclear, with a recent report suggesting that lung function traits could fully explain the height-CAD effect. To clarify this relationship, we utilized a well-powered set of genetic instruments for human stature, comprising >1,800 genetic variants for height and CAD.

Generation of a human knockout iPSC line.

The CHOPWT17_TPM1KOc28 iPSC line was generated to interrogate the functions of ( ) in primary human cell development. This line was reprogrammed from a previously published wild type control iPSC line.