Modified Oral Health Assessment Tool (M-OHAT) for Residential Aged Care: A Co-Design Protocol.

: Older adults in residential aged care facilities (RACFs) experience disproportionate levels of poor oral health relative to other groups in the general population, affecting their physical and mental wellbeing. The Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT) is a validated and widely used dental assessment tool; however, recent systematic reviews have identified shortcomings with respect to its measurement properties. : The objective of this protocol is to provide a detailed overview of a multidisciplinary qualitative study that aims to (a) co-design and develop a modified OHAT for RACFs and (b) inform the development of an OHAT training package and implementation strategies.

Field-Collected Ticks From Benton County, Arkansas, and Prevalence of Associated Pathogens.

The recovery of a Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann (Acari: Ixodidae) tick from a dog in Benton County, Arkansas, in 2018 triggered a significant environmental sampling effort in Hobbs State Park Conservation Area. The objective of the investigation was to assess the tick population density and diversity, as well as identify potential tick-borne pathogens that could pose a risk to public health. During a week-long sampling period in August of 2018, a total of 6,154 ticks were collected, with the majority identified as Amblyomma americanum (L), (Acari: Ixodidae) commonly known as the lone star tick.

Socio-economic status and access to fluoridated water in Queensland: an ecological data linkage study.

Objectives: To investigate the relationship between access to fluoridated drinking water and area-level socio-economic status in Queensland.

Study Design: Ecological, geospatial data linkage study.

Setting: Queensland, by statistical area level 2 (SA2), 2021.

Geographic patterns of dental service use in the Child Dental Benefits Schedule: 6 years of claims in the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children.

Issue Addressed: This article explores the geographic patterns of claims within the Australian Government's Child Dental Benefits Schedule (CDBS).

Background: The CDBS is a means-tested schedule implemented in 2014 to improve access to dental services for children. Under the schedule, eligible children receive funding to subsidise dental services.

Parental recall bias in observational studies: Child dental service use.

Background: Parents are frequently used to recall events of exposure and disease as a proxy for their children in observational health research.

Aim: To assess the validity of parental recall of children's utilisation of dental services.

Design: Parents in the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC) were asked to recall their children's overall dental service use in the previous year and whether the study child had received fillings or extractions due to decay in the previous 2 years.

Dynamic dentin: A quantitative microscopic assessment of age and spatial changes to matrix architecture, peritubular dentin, and collagens types I and III.

To investigate age and site-related changes to human dentin collagen, sound human teeth collected from donors aged 13-29 (young) and 50-74 (aged) years (n = 9/group) were cut to shallow and deep sites. Dentin collagen orientation and fibril bundling was investigated using the Picrosirius Red (PSR) stain observed under cross-polarized light microscopy (Pol), and collagen distribution was investigated using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM). Collagen types III to I distribution in peritubular dentin (PTD) was revealed using Herovici stain and brightfield microscopy.

Effect of dentine site on resin and cement adaptation tested using X-ray and electron microscopy to evaluate bond durability and adhesive interfaces.

Glass ionomer (GI) cements and self-etch (SE) or universal adhesives after etching (ER) adapt variably with dentine. Dentine characteristics vary with depth (deep/shallow), location (central/peripheral), and microscopic site (intertubular/peritubular). To directly compare adhesion to dentine, non-destructive imaging and testing are required.

Has the Child Dental Benefits Schedule improved access to dental care for Australian children?

The Child Dental Benefits Schedule (CDBS) is an ongoing scheme administered through the Australian Government providing eligible children funding for clinical dental treatment. This study aimed to investigate the access of dental services across children's early childhood and examine whether the CDBS has improved access to dental care. The longitudinal study of Australian children is an ongoing cross-sequential cohort study with a representative sample of Australian children recruited in 2004.

Does dentine mineral change with anatomical location, microscopic site and patient age?

Objective: To determine the effect of patient age (young or mature), anatomical location (shallow/deep and central/peripheral) and microscopic site (intertubular/peritubular) on dentine mineral density, distribution and composition.

Methods: Extracted posterior teeth from young (aged 19-20 years, N = 4) and mature (aged 54-77 years, N = 4) subjects were prepared to shallow and deep slices. The dentine surface elemental composition was investigated in a SEM using Backscattered Electron (BSE) micrographs, Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy, and Integrated Mineral Analysis.

SMS reminders to improve outpatient attendance for public dental services: A retrospective study.

Patients who miss scheduled appointments reduce clinical productivity and delay access to care for other patients. Reminders have improved attendance for healthcare appointments previously, but it is not known if short message service (SMS) implementation reduces incidence of patients unable to attend (UTA) or who fail to attend (FTA) appointments in the public dental service. This paper studied the effectiveness of SMS reminders in increasing appointment attendance at outpatient public dental services in Queensland.

Water fluoridation, dental caries and parental ratings of child oral health.

Objectives: Previous studies have identified many demographic, socioeconomic, behavioural and clinical variables associated with subjective parental ratings of child oral health. This study investigated associations between children's lifetime exposure to fluoridated drinking water (LEFW) and dental caries prevalence and parental ratings.

Methods: Australia's National Child Oral Health Study 2012-2014 conducted oral epidemiological examinations for 24 664 children aged 5-14 and investigated risk factors for child oral health and disease through questionnaires.

The prevalence and burden of recurrent headache in Australian adolescents: findings from the longitudinal study of Australian children.

Background: Headache disorders are highly prevalent worldwide, but not well investigated in adolescents. Few studies have included representative nationwide samples. This study aimed to present the prevalence and burden of recurrent headache in Australian adolescents.

Factors Affecting the Removal Time of Separated Instruments.

Introduction: Separated endodontic instruments may adversely affect the outcome of endodontic treatment. The combination of ultrasonic techniques and dental operating microscopes appears to be effective in the removal of separated instruments compared with more randomized techniques. This study evaluated the roles of root canal curvature and separated instrument length on the time needed to loosen and retrieve the instrument fragments.

A comparison of 2- and 3-dimensional mandibular superimposition techniques against Björk's structural superimposition method.

Introduction: The purpose of this research was to compare mandibular growth rotation relative to the cranial base in different vertical facial patterns on the basis of multiple 2-dimensional (2D) and 3-dimensional (3D) superimposition methods.

Methods: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images taken at a mean interval of 54.8 ± 16.

Isolation of Borrelia miyamotoi and other Borreliae using a modified BSK medium.

Borrelia spirochetes are the causative agents of Lyme borreliosis (LB) and relapsing fever (RF). Despite the steady rise in infections and the identification of new species causing human illness over the last decade, isolation of borreliae in culture has become increasingly rare. A modified Barbour-Stoenner-Kelly (BSK) media formulation, BSK-R, was developed for isolation of the emerging RF pathogen, Borrelia miyamotoi.

Understanding the well-being of dentistry students.

Introduction: The transactional model of stress is a framework describing the process for coping with stressful events as a relationship between the individual person and environment. This study aimed to investigate the associations between personality, learning environment and experiences of mental health for a cohort of Australian dentistry students.

Materials And Methods: Students were invited in 2017 to complete an online questionnaire including the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21), The Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) and Cloninger's Temperament and Character Inventory (TCIR-140).

Borrelia burgdorferi and Borrelia miyamotoi seroprevalence in California blood donors.

The western blacklegged tick, Ixodes pacificus, an important vector in the western United States of two zoonotic spirochetes: Borrelia burgdorferi (also called Borreliella burgdorferi), causing Lyme disease, and Borrelia miyamotoi, causing a relapsing fever-type illness. Human cases of Lyme disease are well-documented in California, with increased risk in the north coastal areas and western slopes of the Sierra Nevada range. Despite the established presence of B.

The changing triad of plague in Uganda: invasive black rats (Rattus rattus), indigenous small mammals, and their fleas.

Rattus rattus was first reported from the West Nile Region of Uganda in 1961, an event that preceded the appearance of the first documented human plague outbreak in 1970. We investigated how invasive R. rattus and native small mammal populations, as well as their fleas, have changed in recent decades.

Interprofessional, student-led community health clinic: expanding service provision and clinical education capacity.

Student-led interprofessional health clinics offer valuable opportunities for student learning and meeting the health care needs of the community. This case study describes the operation of a new interprofessional student-led community health service over its initial 13-month period of operation. This case study also presents an overview of the service provision, student placement opportunities and focuses on the challenges associated with the service and the impact on future planning.

Clinical utility of measuring the size of the lumbar multifidus and quadratus lumborum muscles in the Australian football league setting: A prospective cohort study.

Objectives: Test the odds of factors previously associated with lower limb injury (decreased size of the multifidus (MF) and increased size of the quadratus lumborum (QL) muscle) in an independent sample of Australian Rules Football (ARF) players.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Setting: Professional ARF.

The effects of exposure to microgravity and reconditioning of the lumbar multifidus and anterolateral abdominal muscles: implications for people with LBP.

Background Context: One of the primary changes in the neuromuscular system in response to microgravity is skeletal muscle atrophy, which occurs especially in muscles that maintain posture while being upright on Earth. Reduced size of paraspinal and abdominal muscles has been documented after spaceflight. Exercises are undertaken on the International Space Station (ISS) during and following space flight to remediate these effects.

Investigation of inter- and intra-rater reliability using digital dental software for prosthodontics crown preparations.

Introduction: Since the introduction of the digital dental assessment systems, there has been a shift towards this trend as it appears to provide a more accurate, reliable, time efficient, and reproducible assessment. The Planmeca Emerald scanner coupled with Romexis Compare software allows students and staff to objectively assess individual crown preparations, receive numerical values of key dimensions, and subsequently undergo comparison with ideal crown preparation dimensions.

Objectives: To measure the inter- and intra-rater reliability using the intra-oral scanner and Romexis Compare for prosthodontic crown preparations, and to evaluate the possible implementation of this software as a grading and self-assessment tool in a preclinical setting.

Virtual Reality as a novel educational tool in pre-clinical paediatric dentistry training: Students' perceptions.

Background: Dental students are required to demonstrate competency by pre-clinical simulated practice before performing invasive clinical procedures on patients. The Moog Simodont Dental Trainer provides a virtual reality-based dental simulation environment for training students.

Aim: This cross-sectional questionnaire-based study compared students' perception of the pre-clinical paediatric dentistry training gained in Simodont and conventional simulation environment.

Intervention To Stop Transmission of Imported Pneumonic Plague - Uganda, 2019.

Plague, an acute zoonosis caused by Yersinia pestis, is endemic in the West Nile region of northwestern Uganda and neighboring northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) (1-4). The illness manifests in multiple clinical forms, including bubonic and pneumonic plague. Pneumonic plague is rare, rapidly fatal, and transmissible from person to person via respiratory droplets.