Optical frequency domain imaging (OFDI) represents a novel technique for the diagnosis of giant cell arteritis.

Background/objectives: Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is an inflammatory vascular disease in which prompt and accurate diagnosis is critical. The efficacy of temporal artery biopsy (TAB) is limited by 'skip' lesions and a delay in histological analysis. This first-in-man ex-vivo study aims to assess the accuracy of optical frequency domain imaging (OFDI) in diagnosing GCA.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Lacrimal Gland Botulinum Toxin Using the TEARS Score.

Purpose: Botulinum toxin (BoNTA) lacrimal gland injections are one treatment option for managing epiphora. Outcomes for epiphora in existing studies are subjective and lack grading. This study utilized validated grading instruments to evaluate the efficacy of BoNTA lacrimal gland injections.

Determination of Lactose in Lactose-Free and Low-Lactose Milk, Milk Products, and Products Containing Dairy Ingredients by the LactoSens®R Amperometry Method: Final Action 2020.01.

Background: The LactoSens®R method was previously shown to have acceptable accuracy and repeatability precision as required by AOAC Standard Method Performance Requirements (SMPR®) 2018.009 for determination of lactose in low-lactose or lactose-free milk, milk products, and products containing dairy ingredients and was awarded Official Method of AnalysisSM (OMA) First Action status in 2020.

Objective: The method was subjected to a multilaboratory validation (MLV) study to evaluate the reproducibility precision of the method.

Metagenetic Analysis of the Pregnant Microbiome in Horses.

Placentitis is the leading cause of infectious abortion in the horse. Additionally, it can result in weak and/or growth restricted offspring. While the etiology of ascending placentitis is well described in mares, less is known regarding the pathogenesis of other types, such as nocardioform placentitis.

Interface engineering of cellobiose dehydrogenase improves interdomain electron transfer.

Cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) is a bioelectrocatalyst that enables direct electron transfer (DET) in biosensors and biofuel cells. The application of this bidomain hemoflavoenzyme for physiological glucose measurements is limited by its acidic pH optimum and slow interdomain electron transfer (IET) at pH 7.5.

Effects of fenbendazole on fecal microbiome in BPH/5 mice, a model of hypertension and obesity, a brief report.

Fenbendazole (FBZ) is a common antiparasitic treatment used in research rodent colonies for biosecurity purposes. The effect of this compound has been studied in C57 mice, but never before in a strain of mice that has co-morbidities, such as the blood pressure high (BPH)/5. The BPH/5 mouse is an inbred genetic model of hypertension.

Continuous Measurement of Lactate Concentration in Human Subjects through Direct Electron Transfer from Enzymes to Microneedle Electrodes.

Microneedle lactate sensors may be used to continuously measure lactate concentration in the interstitial fluid in a minimally invasive and pain-free manner. First- and second-generation enzymatic sensors produce a redox-active product that is electrochemically sensed at the electrode surface. Direct electron transfer enzymes produce electrons directly as the product of enzymatic action; in this study, a direct electron transfer enzyme specific to lactate has been immobilized onto a microneedle surface to create lactate-sensing devices that function at low applied voltages (0.

Novel use of an autologous scleral button graft to close the anterior defect in evisceration surgery.

Purpose: To present an alternative evisceration technique with long-term follow-up data. This technique involves the insertion of an acrylic implant into a modified scleral shell which is closed using an autologous scleral graft.

Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of eviscerations performed in a district-general hospital in the UK.

Automated extraction of clinical measures from videos of oculofacial disorders using machine learning: feasibility, validity and reliability.

Objectives: To determine the feasibility, validity and reliability of automatically extracting clinically meaningful eyelid measurements from consumer-grade videos of individuals with oculofacial disorders.

Methods: A custom computer program was designed to automatically extract clinical measures from consumer-grade videos. This program was applied to publicly available videos of individuals with oculofacial disorders, and age-matched controls.

Sex-specific effects of maternal weight loss on offspring cardiometabolic outcomes in the obese preeclamptic-like mouse model, BPH/5.

AbstractPreeclampsia (PE) is a hypertensive disorder that impacts 2-8% of pregnant women worldwide. It is characterized by new onset hypertension during the second half of gestation and is a leading cause of maternal and fetal morbidity/mortality. Maternal obesity increases the risk of PE and is a key predictor of childhood obesity and potentially offspring cardiometabolic complications in a sex-dependent manner.

The 'tears' score: A tool for grading and monitoring epiphora.

Purpose: To test the reliability, validity and utility of the TEARS score, a scale of clinical and patient-reported severity in patients with epiphora, comprising 4 subscales: Times wiping (T), clinical Effects (E), Activity limitation (A), and symptoms of Reflex epiphora (R).

Methods: The TEARS score was completed by 136 patients with epiphora (78 treated surgically, and 51 non-surgically). Inter-rater reliability was evaluated using Cohen's Kappa and Bland-Altman analysis.

8-0 polyglactin 910 suture in entropion repair: long term follow up and rates of recurrence.

Objectives: The choice of suture is an important consideration in entropion repair, with implications on wound strength, inflammation and scar formation. There is no consensus on the best suture material or gauge of suture at present. We aim to assess the long-term outcome of entropion repair using 8-0 polyglactin sutures, with specific focus on rates of recurrence, wound dehiscence, infection and scarring.

Engineering the Turnover Stability of Cellobiose Dehydrogenase toward Long-Term Bioelectronic Applications.

Cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) is an attractive oxidoreductase for bioelectrochemical applications. Its two-domain structure allows the flavoheme enzyme to establish direct electron transfer to biosensor and biofuel cell electrodes. Yet, the application of CDH in these devices is impeded by its limited stability under turnover conditions.

The watery eye quality of life (WEQOL) questionnaire: a patient-reported outcome measure for surgically amenable epiphora.

Objective Or Purpose: To develop and test a patient-reported outcome measure for assessing health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in surgically amenable epiphora.

Design: Questionnaire development and validation study.

Participants: 201 patients with a cause of epiphora amenable to surgical intervention, recruited across three independent centres.

Lower eyelid involutional entropion following cataract surgery.

Objectives: To determine whether cataract surgery is associated with an increased risk of subsequent lower eyelid entropion and evaluate potential associated factors.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing first eye cataract surgery over a 10-year period at a single institution (n = 14,574). The fellow phakic eye served as control.

Determination of Lactose in Lactose-Free and Low-Lactose Milk, Milk Products, and Products Containing Dairy Ingredients by the LactoSens®R Amperometry Method: First Action 2020.01.

Background: The AOAC Stakeholder Panel on Strategic Food Analytical Methods approved Standard Method Performance Requirements (SMPR®) 2018.009 for lactose in low-lactose or lactose-free milk, milk products, and products containing dairy ingredients. The LactoSens®R Method is a biosensor assay kit developed for the determination of lactose in a variety of lactose-free or low-lactose milk, dairy, and infant formula products produced with yeast-neutral lactases.

Physical, ecological and human dimensions of environmental change in Brazil's Pantanal wetland: Synthesis and research agenda.

The Pantanal is the world's largest freshwater wetland, located in the geographical centre of South America. It is relatively well conserved, and features unique landscapes, ecosystems, and traditional cultural practices, shaped by the dynamic interaction of climatological, hydrological, geological, ecological, and anthropogenic factors. Its ecological integrity is increasingly threatened by human activities, particularly, in the wider catchment area, for example, deforestation, agricultural intensification, and construction of hydropower plants, with implications for local people's livelihoods.

A Systematic Review of Patient-Reported Outcomes for Surgically Amenable Epiphora.

Purpose: In evaluating epiphora and its management, the bottom line for all stakeholders is whether an intervention confers any real benefit on quality of life. A review was conducted to identify and appraise patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in surgically amenable epiphora.

Methods: A systematic search was conducted of studies relating to surgical intervention for epiphora.

Rapid regrowth and detection of microbial contaminants in equine fecal microbiome samples.

Advances have been made to standardize 16S rRNA gene amplicon based studies for inter-study comparisons, yet there are many opportunities for systematic error that may render these comparisons improper and misleading. The fecal microbiome of horses has been examined previously, however, no universal horse fecal collection method and sample processing procedure has been established. This study was initialized in large part to ensure that samples collected by different individuals from different geographical areas (i.

An evaluation of intracameral mydriasis for routine cataract surgery.

Background: Intracameral Mydrane might facilitate a more streamlined cataract service and improve the patient experience. There is limited 'real-world' evidence of its use in a UK setting.

Methods: As part of a local evaluation of cataract surgery using intracameral Mydrane (group 2; n=60), data were collected on intraoperative pupil size and postoperative visual acuity (VA), as well as the rate of mechanical pupil dilation, intraoperative floppy iris syndrome (IFIS) and complications.

Direct Electron Transfer of Cellobiose Dehydrogenase on Positively Charged Polyethyleneimine Gold Nanoparticles.

Efficient conjugation between biomolecules and electrode materials is one of the main challenges in the field of biosensors. Cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) is a monomeric enzyme, which consists of two separate domains: one catalytic dehydrogenase domain (DH ) carrying strongly bound flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) in the active site and a cytochrome domain (CYT ) carrying a b-type heme connected by a flexible linker region. Herein, we report on the development of a lactose biosensor, based on direct electron transfer (DET) from CDH from Phanerochaete sordida (PsCDH) electrostatically attached onto polyethyleneimine-stabilized gold nanoparticles (PEI@AuNPs) used to cover a conventional polycrystalline solid gold disk electrode.

Direct Electron Transfer of Cellobiose Dehydrogenase on Positively Charged Polyethyleneimine Gold Nanoparticles.

Invited for this month's cover is the group of Prof. Dr. Lo Gorton at Lund University, Sweden.

Trends in ophthalmology journals: a five-year bibliometric analysis (2009-2013).

Aim: To explore the trends in the ophthalmic literature over a 5-year period in relation to country, research expenditure and demographics.

Methods: Articles published between 2009 and 2013 by the 20highest-contributing countries in the 20 top-ranked ophthalmology journals were identified by their country of affiliation. The number of articles published and mean impact factor were measured per country for each year and trends explored using regression analysis with 5-year and 10-year forecasts calculated.