Intraoperative monitoring of the central and peripheral nervous systems: a narrative review.

The central and peripheral nervous systems are the primary target organs during anaesthesia. At the time of the inception of the British Journal of Anaesthesia, monitoring of the central nervous system comprised clinical observation, which provided only limited information. During the 100 yr since then, and particularly in the past few decades, significant progress has been made, providing anaesthetists with tools to obtain real-time assessments of cerebral neurophysiology during surgical procedures.

Pulmonary embolism in patients with severe COVID-19 treated with systemic low-dose thrombolytic therapy: A case series.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been associated with respiratory failure and high mortality. Hypercoagulability and thromboembolic complications have been found in a high percentage of patients amongst which, pulmonary embolism (PE) is the most common. Currently, there are no guidelines on using thrombolysis therapy in COVID-19 patients who developed PE.

Fatal iliopsoas and rectus sheath hemorrhage in a critically ill patient with COVID-19 on therapeutic anticoagulation.

Pulmonary embolism and thrombosis are two common postmortem findings in novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the fact which led experts to include anticoagulants in the standard management of COVID-19. However, at least until now, no guidelines stated the exact safe yet optimal dose of anticoagulants. We report a case of a 65-year-old man admitted to our hospital with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome due to COVID-19.

Progressive COVID-19-Associated Coagulopathy Despite Treatment with Therapeutic Anticoagulation and Thrombolysis.

BACKGROUND Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been associated with a hypercoagulability state. Clinical presentation can range from asymptomatic to severe illness and mortality. Thrombotic complications in COVID-19 have been associated with mortality.

Extra-Anatomic Axillofemoral Bypass After Failed Stenting for Aortoiliac-Occlusive Disease in a Patient with Severe Comorbidities.

BACKGROUND An extra-anatomic bypass is the choice of revascularization method for limb salvage in patients with infra-renal aortailiac occlusion accompanied by severe comorbidities. CASE REPORT We report a case of aortailiac-occlusive disease in a 59-year-old man with severe cormobidities. He had complained about intermittent claudication in both lower limbs for the past 10 years.

Risk Factors for Prostate Volume Progression After Prostate-Transurethral Resection.

Background: Many factors could contribute to the cases of residual benign prostate hypertrophy (BPH) volume after transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), such as age, obesity, testosterone level, and inflammation. The goal of this study was to determine the risk of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in prostate tissue, serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA), serum testosterone, and age in promoting prostate volume progression after TURP.

Patients And Methods: This was a prospective cohort study on 83 BPH patients who underwent TURP at five hospitals in Bali, Indonesia.

Victims of Physical Violence Have a Higher Risk to Be Perpetrators: A Study in High School Students Population.

Background: Violence experienced by a person can trigger mental disorders. It was reported that 1 in 4 children in the world had experienced severe and sustained physical violence. The form of violence varies from various bullying actions that seem mild, to deadly physical violence.

The impact of prostate-transurethral resection on erectile dysfunction in benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Erectile dysfunction (ED) after a prostate-transurethral resection (P-TUR) is one of the problems in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) that may affect the quality of life in middle-aged and older men. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of P-TUR on ED in BPH patients. This study was conducted on 83 patients suffering from BPH that underwent a P-TUR.

Steroid Induced Cataract in Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis Patient.

Background: Cataract is an opacification of the lens. Pediatric cataracts can be congenital or acquired. Acquired cataract including the one caused by corticosteroid used.

Modified Revised Trauma-Marshall score as a proposed tool in predicting the outcome of moderate and severe traumatic brain injury.

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common healthcare problem related to disability. An easy-to-use trauma scoring system informs physicians about the severity of trauma and helps to decide the course of management. The purpose of this study is to use the combination of both physiological and anatomical assessment tools that predict the outcome and develop a new modified prognostic scoring system in TBIs.

Extended Glasgow Outcome Scale correlates with bispectral index in traumatic brain injury patients who underwent craniotomy.

Background: Assessing consciousness in traumatic brain injury is important because it also determines the treatment option, which will influence patients' outcome. A tool used to objectively assess consciousness level is the bispectral index (BIS) monitor, which was originally designed to monitor the depth of anesthesia. Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended (GOS-E) provides a measuring tool to assess traumatic brain injury (TBI) outcome.

Jugular bulb oxygen saturation correlates with Full Outline of Responsiveness score in severe traumatic brain injury patients.

Background: Maintaining brain oxygenation status is the main goal of treatment in severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Jugular venous oxygen saturation (SjvO) monitoring is a technique to estimate global balance between cerebral oxygen supply and its metabolic requirement. Full Outline of Responsiveness (FOUR) score, a new consciousness measurement scoring, is expected to become an alternative for Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) in evaluating neurologic status of patients with severe traumatic head injury, especially for those under mechanical ventilation.

Bispectral index value correlates with Glasgow Coma Scale in traumatic brain injury patients.

Background: Accuracy of consciousness level assessment is very important. It may determine and influence further clinical decisions, thus influences patients' outcomes. The widest method in determining the level of awareness is the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS).