Access to prior spatial information.

In six experiments, reading times and probe naming times were measured in order to examine the conditions under which spatial information became accessible and/or reactivated. In Experiments 1-4, reading times were measured for target sentences containing spatial inconsistencies. Spatial inconsistencies did not disrupt processing (Experiment 1) unless there were increases in task demands (Experiment 2), elaboration of the protagonist's location (Experiment 3), or both (Experiment 4).

Patient-Reported Sexual Survivorship Following High-Dose Image-Guided Proton Therapy for Prostate Cancer.

Objective: To help guide individualized treatment, we sought to identify baseline predictive factors that impact long-term erectile function following high-dose image-guided radiotherapy (HD-IGRT).

Methods: Potent men with localized prostate cancer treated with radiotherapy alone were enrolled in an institutional review board-approved prospective cohort study. Men received HD-IGRT as primary treatment of prostate cancer.

Serum Testosterone 60 Months after Passive-Scatter Proton Therapy for Localized Prostate Cancer.

Studies demonstrate a decline of ∼10% in serum testosterone (ST) level after X-ray radiotherapy for prostate cancer. We evaluated changes in ST for patients with low- and intermediate-risk prostate cancer receiving 70-82Gy(RBE) using passive-scatter proton therapy (PT). ST was checked at baseline (n = 358) and at 60+ months after PT (n = 166).

Optimal medical management before lower extremity bypass for claudication in the veteran population.

Objective: Optimizing medical management through glucose control, smoking cessation, and drug therapy (ie, antiplatelet and statin agents) is recommended as first-line therapy for patients with claudication. The aims of this study were to determine how frequently veterans with claudication received optimal medical management (OMM) before undergoing elective open lower extremity bypass procedures nationwide and whether preoperative OMM was associated with improved surgical outcomes.

Methods: We reviewed all patients within the Veterans Affairs (VA) Surgical Quality Improvement Program database who underwent elective open lower extremity bypass procedures for claudication at nationwide VA medical centers from 2005 until 2015.

Rectal Culture and Sensitivity Analysis for Reducing Sepsis Risk After Fiducial Marker Placement.

Purpose: Placement of fiducial markers for prostate radiotherapy (RT) is associated with a 2% to 3% risk of bacterial urinary tract infection (UTI) that may progress to sepsis necessitating hospitalization. These bacterial UTIs are primarily due to flouroquinolone (FQ) resistant Escherichia coli (E. coli).

Validating semantic illusions: Competition between context and general world knowledge.

The RI-Val model of comprehension includes a validation process in which linkages formed by integration are matched against active memory. In five experiments, we investigated factors that influence validation. Reading times were measured on target sentences that contained either correct information or semantically related, but incorrect content.

Long-term supplementation of decaffeinated green tea extract does not modify body weight or abdominal obesity in a randomized trial of men at high risk for prostate cancer.

Background: Evidence continues to demonstrate the role of obesity in prostate carcinogenesis and prognosis, underscoring the need to identify and continue to evaluate the effective interventions to reduce obesity in populations at high risk. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of daily consumption of decaffeinated green tea catechins (GTC) formulation (Polyphenon E (PolyE)) for 1 year on biomarkers of obesity in men who are at high risk for prostate cancer.

Materials And Methods: A randomized, double-blinded trial was conducted targeting 97 men diagnosed with HGPIN or ASAP.

Race Does Not Affect Tumor Control, Adverse Effects, or Quality of Life after Proton Therapy.

Purpose: To compare 5-year biochemical control, toxicity, and patient-reported quality of life (QOL) outcomes for African American and White patients treated with proton therapy (PT) for prostate cancer.

Materials And Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 1,066 men with clinically localized prostate cancer. Patients were treated with definitive PT between 2006 and 2010.

Effectiveness of open versus endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair in population settings: A systematic review of statewide databases.

Background: Patient outcomes after open abdominal aortic aneurysm and endovascular aortic aneurysm repair have been widely reported from several large, randomized, controlled trials. It is not clear whether these trial outcomes are representative of abdominal aortic aneurysm repair procedures performed in real-world hospital settings across the United States. This study was designed to evaluate population-based outcomes after endovascular aortic aneurysm repair versus open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair using statewide inpatient databases and examine how they have helped improve our understanding of abdominal aortic aneurysm repair.

Randomized, placebo-controlled trial evaluating the safety of one-year administration of green tea catechins.

Purpose: Although preclinical, epidemiological and prior clinical trial data suggest that green tea catechins (GTCs) may reduce prostate cancer (PCa) risk, several preclinical studies and case reports have reported liver toxicities and acute gastrointestinal bleeding. Based on these observations, regulatory bodies have required stringent inclusion criteria with frequent, excessive toxicity monitoring and early stopping rules in clinical trials. These requirements have impeded recruitment and retention of subjects in chemoprevention trials and subsequent progress in agent development efforts.

Bacterial Urinary Tract Infection after Transrectal Placement of Fiducial Markers prior to Proton Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer.

Purpose: To determine the incidence of a bacterial urinary tract infection (UTI) necessitating hospitalization after transrectal placement of fiducial markers prior to proton radiotherapy (RT) for prostate cancer.

Materials And Methods: Six hundred sixty six patients returning for follow up after proton RT consented to participate in this institutional review board (IRB) approved study. Patients were queried whether they required hospitalization within 1 month of transrectal placement of fiducial markers.

Five-Year Biochemical Results, Toxicity, and Patient-Reported Quality of Life After Delivery of Dose-Escalated Image Guided Proton Therapy for Prostate Cancer.

Purpose: To report clinical outcomes in patients treated with image guided proton therapy (PT) for localized prostate cancer.

Methods And Materials: The medical records of 1327 men were reviewed. Each man was enrolled on an outcomes tracking study.

Patient-Reported Quality of Life in Men with Transurethral Resection of the Prostate Undergoing Proton Therapy for Management of Prostate Cancer.

Purpose: We report on quality of life (QOL) and early toxicity among men with prostate cancer who underwent transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) before proton therapy.

Materials And Methods: Between 2006 and 2010, 1,289 patients were treated definitively with proton therapy for prostate cancer at our institution and enrolled on a prospective outcomes-tracking protocol. Ninety-six of the men had received a TURP before proton therapy, while 1,193 men had not.

Proton Therapy as Salvage Treatment for Local Relapse of Prostate Cancer Following Cryosurgery or High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound.

Purpose: Local recurrence of prostate cancer after cryosurgery (CS) and high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is an emerging problem for which optimal management is unknown. Proton therapy (PT) may offer advantages over other local therapeutic options. This article reviews a single institution's experience using PT for salvage of local recurrent disease after HIFU or CS.

The rapid identification of elution conditions for therapeutic antibodies from cation-exchange chromatography resins using high-throughput screening.

Cation-exchange chromatography is widely used in the purification of therapeutic antibodies, wherein parameters such as elution pH and counterion concentration require optimization for individual antibodies across different chromatography resins. With a growing number of antibodies in clinical trials and the pressure to expedite process development, we developed and automated a high-throughput batch-binding screen to more efficiently optimize elution conditions for cation-exchange chromatography resins. The screen maps the binding behavior of antibodies and impurities as a function of pH and counterion concentration in terms of a partition coefficient (Kp).

En Bloc Robot-assisted Laparoscopic Partial Cystectomy, Urachal Resection, and Pelvic Lymphadenectomy for Urachal Adenocarcinoma.

Primary adenocarcinomas of the bladder and urachus are extremely rare, accounting for 0.5% to 2.0% of all bladder malignancies.

Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Green Tea Catechins for Prostate Cancer Prevention.

Preclinical, epidemiologic, and prior clinical trial data suggest that green tea catechins (GTC) may reduce prostate cancer risk. We conducted a placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial of Polyphenon E (PolyE), a proprietary mixture of GTCs, containing 400 mg (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) per day, in 97 men with high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) and/or atypical small acinar proliferation (ASAP). The primary study endpoint was a comparison of the cumulative one-year prostate cancer rates on the two study arms.

Five-year outcomes from 3 prospective trials of image-guided proton therapy for prostate cancer.

Purpose: To report 5-year clinical outcomes of 3 prospective trials of image-guided proton therapy for prostate cancer.

Methods And Materials: A total of 211 prostate cancer patients (89 low-risk, 82 intermediate-risk, and 40 high-risk) were treated in institutional review board-approved trials of 78 cobalt gray equivalent (CGE) in 39 fractions for low-risk disease, 78 to 82 CGE for intermediate-risk disease, and 78 CGE with concomitant docetaxel therapy followed by androgen deprivation therapy for high-risk disease. Toxicities were graded according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE), version 3.

Comparative effectiveness study of patient-reported outcomes after proton therapy or intensity-modulated radiotherapy for prostate cancer.

Background: Data continue to emerge on the relative merits of different treatment modalities for prostate cancer. The objective of this study was to compare patient-reported quality-of-life (QOL) outcomes after proton therapy (PT) and intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for prostate cancer.

Methods: A comparison was performed of prospectively collected QOL data using the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite (EPIC) questionnaire.

An archival exploration of 19th-century American adult female offender parricides.

Social and behavioral scientists have increasingly attended to the contexts and motivational dynamics underlying parricidal events. These efforts notwithstanding, most research has focused on adolescent or adult male offender populations. One largely neglected area of study is that of adult female offender parricide.

Hemorrhagic radiation cystitis.

The optimal management of persistent hemorrhagic radiation cystitis is ill-defined. Various options are available and include oral agents (ie, sodium pentosan polysulfate), intravenous drugs (ie, WF10), topical agents (ie, formalin), hyperbaric oxygen, and endoscopic procedures (ie, electrical cautery, argon plasma coagulation, laser coagulation). In general, it is best to manage patients conservatively and intervene only when necessary with the option least likely to exacerbate the cystitis.

The combination of an mTORc1/TORc2 inhibitor with lapatinib is synergistic in bladder cancer in vitro.

Objective: To examine the ability of dual mTORc1/c2 inhibitors in conjunction with lapatinib to function in a synergistic manner to inhibit cell proliferation and anchorage-independent growth in bladder cancer cell lines.

Materials And Methods: We examined patient tumor samples for overexpression of pS6, p4EBP1, pAkt, and phosphorylated epidermal growth factor receptor (pEGFR) using a tissue microarray containing 84 cases. Three bladder cancer cell lines, T24, HT1376, and UM-UC-3, were analyzed for cell proliferation after treatment with mTORc1/c2 inhibitors OSI-027 or PP242.

Hypofractionated passively scattered proton radiotherapy for low- and intermediate-risk prostate cancer is not associated with post-treatment testosterone suppression.

Background: To investigate post-treatment changes in serum testosterone in low- and intermediate-risk prostate cancer patients treated with hypofractionated passively scattered proton radiotherapy.

Material And Methods: Between April 2008 and October 2011, 228 patients with low- and intermediate-risk prostate cancer were enrolled into an institutional review board-approved prospective protocol. Patients received doses ranging from 70 Cobalt Gray Equivalent (CGE) to 72.

Urinary functional outcomes and toxicity five years after proton therapy for low- and intermediate-risk prostate cancer: results of two prospective trials.

Background: To assess genitourinary (GU) function and toxicity in patients treated with image-guided proton therapy (PT) for early- and intermediate-risk prostate cancer and to analyze the impact of pretreatment urinary obstructive symptoms on urinary function after PT.

Material And Methods: Two prospective trials accrued 171 prostate cancer patients from August 2006 to September 2007. Low-risk patients received 78 cobalt gray equivalent (CGE) in 39 fractions and intermediate-risk patients received 78-82 CGE.