Origin of visual experience-dependent theta oscillations.

Visual experience gives rise to persistent theta oscillations in the mouse primary visual cortex (V1) that are specific to the familiar stimulus. Our recent work demonstrated the presence of these oscillations in higher visual areas (HVAs), where they are synchronized with V1 in a context-dependent manner. However, it remains unclear where these unique oscillatory dynamics originate.

Evidence of renal tubular injury in canine patients after elective desexing.

Objective: To investigate the frequency of perioperative acute kidney injury (AKI) in American Society of Anesthesiologists (SA) Grade I canine patients undergoing elective desexing using urine microscopy techniques and assess if pre- and intraoperative factors affect risk of developing AKI.

Design: Prospective observational clinical study conducted between September 2020 and October 2020.

Setting: University teaching hospital.

Impaired Experience-Dependent Theta Oscillation Synchronization and Inter-Areal Synaptic Connectivity in the Visual Cortex of Fmr1 KO Mice.

Fragile X syndrome (FX) is the most prevalent inheritable form of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), characterized by hypersensitivity, difficulty in habituating to new sensory stimuli, and intellectual disability. Individuals with FX often experience visual perception and learning deficits. Visual experience leads to the emergence of the familiarity-evoked theta band oscillations in the primary visual cortex (V1) and the lateromedial area (LM) of mice.

UNC-16 interacts with LRK-1 and WDFY-3 to regulate the termination of axon growth.

In humans, MAPK8IP3 (also known as JIP3) is a neurodevelopmental disorder-associated gene. In Caenorhabditis elegans, the UNC-16 ortholog of the MAPK8IP3 protein can regulate the termination of axon growth. However, its role in this process is not well understood.

UNC-16 interacts with LRK-1 and WDFY-3 to regulate the termination of axon growth.

is a neurodevelopmental-disorder associated gene that can regulate the termination of axon growth. However, its role in this process is not well understood. Here, we report that UNC-16 promotes axon termination through a process that includes the LRK-1(LRRK-1/LRRK-2) kinase and the WDFY-3 (WDFY3/Alfy) selective autophagy protein.

Visual experience induces 4-8 Hz synchrony between V1 and higher-order visual areas.

Visual perceptual experience induces persistent 4-8 Hz oscillations in the mouse primary visual cortex (V1), encoding visual familiarity. Recent studies suggest that higher-order visual areas (HVAs) are functionally specialized and segregated into information streams processing distinct visual features. However, whether visual memories are processed and stored within the distinct streams is not understood.

Autism candidate gene () regulates MALS-1 to protect against mitochondrial dysfunction and axon degeneration during neurodevelopment.

Mitochondrial dysfunction is thought to be a key component of neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism, intellectual disability, and ADHD. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms that protect against mitochondrial dysfunction during neurodevelopment. Here, we address this question through the investigation of , the ortholog of the autism candidate gene, which encodes an RNA-binding protein whose role in neurons is unknown.

UNC-116 and UNC-16 function with the NEKL-3 kinase to promote axon targeting.

KIF5C is a kinesin-1 heavy chain that has been associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. Although the roles of kinesin-1 in axon transport are well known, little is known about how it regulates axon targeting. We report that UNC-116/KIF5C functions with the NEKL-3/NEK6/7 kinase to promote axon targeting in Caenorhabditis elegans.

De-implementation of Axillary Dissection in Women Undergoing Mastectomy for Breast Cancer.

Background: Completion axillary lymph node dissection (cALND) was standard treatment for breast cancer with positive sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) until 2011, when data from the Z11 and AMAROS trials challenged its survival benefit in early stage breast cancer. We assessed the contribution of patient, tumor, and facility factors on cALND use in patients undergoing mastectomy and SLN biopsy.

Patients And Methods: Using the National Cancer Database, patients diagnosed from 2012 to 2017 who underwent upfront mastectomy and SLN biopsy with at least one positive SLN were included.

Sounding the Alarm: What Clinicians Need to Know about Physical, Emotional, and Cognitive Recovery After Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation.

Objective: We summarize the existing data on the occurrence of physical, emotional, and cognitive dysfunction associated with postintensive care syndrome (PICS) in adult survivors of venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO).

Data Sources: MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Web of Science, and CINAHL databases were searched.

Study Selection: Peer-reviewed studies of adults receiving VA-ECMO for any reason with at least one measure of health-related quality of life outcomes or PICS at long-term follow-up of at least 6 months were included.

Development of the Illinois Surgical Quality Improvement Collaborative (ISQIC): Implementing 21 Components to Catalyze Statewide Improvement in Surgical Care.

Introduction: In 2014, 56 Illinois hospitals came together to form a unique learning collaborative, the Illinois Surgical Quality Improvement Collaborative (ISQIC). Our objectives are to provide an overview of the first three years of ISQIC focused on (1) how the collaborative was formed and funded, (2) the 21 strategies implemented to support quality improvement (QI), (3) collaborative sustainment, and (4) how the collaborative acts as a platform for innovative QI research.

Methods: ISQIC includes 21 components to facilitate QI that target the hospital, the surgical QI team, and the peri-operative microsystem.

Unmeasured factors are associated with the use of completion lymph node dissection (CLND) in melanoma.

Background: Completion lymph node dissection (CLND) was the standard treatment for patients with melanoma with positive sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) until 2017 when data from the DeCOG-SLT and MLST-2 randomized trials challenged the survival benefit of this procedure. We assessed the contribution of patient, tumor and facility factors on the use of CLND in patients with surgically resected Stage III melanoma.

Methods: Using the National Cancer Database, patients who underwent surgical excision and were found to have a positive SLN from 2012 to 2017 were included.

The ANC-1 (Nesprin-1/2) organelle-anchoring protein functions through mitochondria to polarize axon growth in response to SLT-1.

A family of giant KASH proteins, including C. elegans ANC-1 and mammalian Nesprin-1 and -2, are involved in organelle anchoring and are associated with multiple neurodevelopmental disorders including autism, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. However, little is known about how these proteins function in neurons.

Patient characteristics and diagnostic tests associated with syncopal falls: A Southwestern surgical congress multicenter study.

Background: Patients suspected of syncope frequently undergo laboratory and imaging studies to determine the etiology of the syncope. Variability exists in these workups across institutions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utilization and diagnostic yield of these workups and the patient characteristics associated with syncopal falls.

A null allele in the selective autophagy gene of .

The WDFY-3 protein is important for cargo selection during selective autophagy and for regulating axon termination. The C-terminal region of WDFY-3 contains BEACH, WD repeats, and FYVE-like domains, all of which are required for selective autophagy. WDFY-3 also contains a large N-terminal region that is relatively uncharacterized.

Patient comprehension of breast pathology report terminology: The need for patient-centered resources.

Background: As health care continues to evolve toward information transparency, an increasing number of patients have access to their medical records, including result reports that were not originally designed to be patient-facing. Previous studies have demonstrated that patients have poor understanding of medical terminology. However, patient comprehension of terminology specific to breast pathology reports has not been well studied.

An autism-associated calcium channel variant causes defects in neuronal polarity in the ALM neuron of .

Variants of the voltage-gated calcium channel gene have been associated with autism and other neurodevelopmental disorders including bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and ADHD. The Timothy syndrome mutation is a rare gain-of-function variant in that causes autism with high penetrance, providing a powerful avenue into investigating the role of variants in neurodevelopmental disorders. In our previous work, we demonstrated that an mutation, which is equivalent to the Timothy syndrome mutation in can disrupt termination of the PLM axon in .

A National Survey of Motor Vehicle Crashes Among General Surgery Residents.

Objectives: Evaluate the frequency of self-reported, post-call hazardous driving events in a national cohort of general surgery residents and determine the associations between duty hour policy violations, psychiatric well-being, and hazardous driving events.

Summary Of Background Data: MVCs are a leading cause of resident mortality. Extended work shifts and poor psychiatric well-being are risk factors for MVCs, placing general surgery residents at risk.

Visual Experience-Dependent Oscillations and Underlying Circuit Connectivity Changes Are Impaired in Fmr1 KO Mice.

Fragile X syndrome (FX), the most common inherited form of autism and intellectual disability, is a condition associated with visual perceptual learning deficits. We recently discovered that perceptual experience can encode visual familiarity via persistent low-frequency oscillations in the mouse primary visual cortex (V1). Here, we combine this paradigm with a multifaceted experimental approach to identify neurophysiological impairments of these oscillations in FX mice.

An autism-causing calcium channel variant functions with selective autophagy to alter axon targeting and behavior.

Common and rare variants of the CACNA1C voltage-gated calcium channel gene have been associated with autism and other neurodevelopmental disorders including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and ADHD. However, little is known about how CACNA1C variants affect cellular processes to alter neurodevelopment. The Timothy syndrome mutation is a rare de novo gain-of-function variant in CACNA1C that causes autism with high penetrance, providing a powerful avenue into investigating the role of CACNA1C variants in neurodevelopmental disorders.

National Evaluation of Needlestick Events and Reporting Among Surgical Residents.

Background: Needlestick injuries pose significant health hazards; however, the nationwide frequency of needlesticks and reporting practices among surgical residents are unknown. The objectives of this study were to examine the rate and circumstances of self-reported needlestick events in US surgery residents, assess factors associated with needlestick injuries, evaluate reporting practices, and identify reporting barriers.

Study Design: A survey administered after the American Board of Surgery In-Training Examination (January 2017) asked surgical residents how many times they experienced a needlestick during the last 6 months, circumstances of the most recent event, and reporting practices and barriers.

Leveraging a Comprehensive Program to Implement a Colorectal Surgical Site Infection Reduction Bundle in a Statewide Quality Improvement Collaborative.

Objectives: Our objective was to examine the implementation and associated clinical outcomes of a comprehensive surgical site infection (SSI) reduction bundle in a large statewide surgical quality improvement collaborative leveraging a multifaceted implementation strategy.

Summary Background Data: Bundled perioperative interventions reduce colorectal SSI rates when enacted at individual hospitals, but the ability to implement comprehensive SSI bundles and to examine the resultant clinical effectiveness within a larger, diverse population of hospitals is unknown.

Methods: A multifaceted SSI reduction bundle was developed and implemented in a large statewide surgical quality improvement collaborative through a novel implementation program consisting of guided implementation, data feedback, mentorship, process improvement training/coaching, and targeted-implementation toolkits.

Effects of continuous positive airway pressure on respiratory function in sedated foals.

Objective: To characterize the effects of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) delivered by a commercial human CPAP device on respiratory function in foals with pharmacologically induced respiratory suppression.

Design: Prospective randomized, cross-over study comparing CPAP with spontaneous respiration and oxygen insufflation.

Setting: University veterinary teaching hospital.