Intramuscular administration of tranexamic acid in a large swine model of hemorrhage with hyperfibrinolysis.

Background: Traumatic injury with subsequent hemorrhage is one of the leading causes of mortality among military personnel and civilians alike. Posttraumatic hemorrhage accounts for 40% to 50% of deaths in severe trauma patients occurring secondary to direct vessel injury or the development of trauma-induced coagulopathy (TIC). Hyperfibrinolysis plays a major role in TIC and its presence increases a patient's risk of mortality.

An evidence-based approach to nonoperative management of traumatic hemorrhagic shock in the emergency department.

The management of traumatic hemorrhagic shock has evolved, with increasing emphasis on damage control resuscitation principles. Despite these advances, hemorrhage is still the leading preventable cause of death in trauma. This issue provides evidence-based recommendations for the assessment and treatment of traumatic hemorrhagic shock.

A Comparison of Headache Treatment in the Emergency Department: Prochlorperazine Versus Ketamine.

Study Objective: Intravenous subdissociative-dose ketamine has been shown to be effective for pain management, but has not been specifically studied for headaches in the emergency department (ED). For this reason, we designed a study to compare standard treatment (prochlorperazine) with ketamine in patients with benign headaches in the ED.

Methods: This study was a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial with a convenience sample of patients presenting to the ED with benign headaches.