Superficial siderosis associated with an iatrogenic posterior fossa dural leak identified on CT cisternography.

Superficial siderosis refers to hemosiderin deposition along the pial surface of the brain and spinal cord. It results from chronic and repetitive low-grade bleeding into the subarachnoid space. Dural tears are a common cause of superficial siderosis.

Preparing for the next pandemic: It is more than just about numbers.

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought enormous hardships to our country and healthcare system. We present our experience navigating through this pandemic with emphasis on reactivating our practice while keeping patients and staff safe. It is hoped that the methods and thought processes provided in this manuscript will help those who are in various stages of managing their practice or provide lessons learned as our country eventually moves beyond this pandemic.

e-ASPECTS software improves interobserver agreement and accuracy of interpretation of aspects score.

Introduction: There is increased interest in the use of artificial intelligence-based (AI) software packages in the evaluation of neuroimaging studies for acute ischemic stroke. We studied whether, compared to standard image interpretation without AI, Brainomix e-ASPECTS software improved interobserver agreement and accuracy in detecting ASPECTS regions affected in anterior circulation LVO.

Methods: We included 60 consecutive patients with anterior circulation LVO who had TICI 3 revascularization within 60 minutes of their baseline CT.

Initial testing of pegfilgrastim (Neulasta Onpro) on-body injector in multiple radiological imaging environments.

Purpose: An increasing number of implantable or external devices can impact whether patients can receive radiological imaging examinations. This study examines and tests the Neulasta (pegfilgrastim) Onpro on-body injector in multiple imaging environments.

Methods: The injector was analyzed for four imaging modalities with testing protocols and strategies developed for each modality.

Multiple reader comparison of 2D TOF, 3D TOF, and CEMRA in screening of the carotid bifurcations: Time to reconsider routine contrast use?

Background And Purpose: MR contrast-enhanced techniques are undergoing increased scrutiny since the FDA applied a warning for gadolinium-based MR contrast agents due to gadolinium deposition within multiple organ systems. While CE-MRA provides excellent image quality, is it required in a screening carotid study? This study compares 2D TOF and 3D TOF MRA vs. CE-MRA in defining carotid stenosis in a large clinical patient population, and with multiple readers with varying experience.

Profound intellectual disability caused by homozygous TRAPPC9 pathogenic variant in a man from Malta.

Background: Intellectual disability is a complex multi-faceted condition with diverse underlying etiologies. One rare form of intellectual disability is secondary to the loss of TRAPPC9, an activator of NF-κB and a mediator of intracellular protein processing and trafficking. TRAPPC9 deficiency has been described in 48 patients with more than 15 pathologic variants.

Imaging characteristics and clinical outcomes of biphenotypic sinonasal sarcoma.

Objectives: Biphenotypic sinonasal sarcoma (BSS) is a new, rare tumor characterized by concomitant neural and myogenic differentiation. The aim of this study is to describe the imaging characteristics and clinical outcomes of this neoplasm.

Methods: A retrospective review of BSS patients surgically treated within a tertiary academic health care system was performed.

Facial nerve venous malformation: A radiologic and histopathologic review of 11 cases.

Objective: The purpose of this article was to provide a combined pathologic and radiologic review of previous pathologically diagnosed facial nerve "hemangiomas" to confirm that these lesions are most characteristic of venous malformations rather than neoplasms.

Study Design: Retrospective radiologic, clinical, and histopathologic review of all patients with a previous pathologically diagnosed facial nerve hemangioma of the temporal bone who underwent computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were included. A consensus radiologic review for characteristic features and pathologic analysis was performed.

Abdominal manifestations of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: a series of 333 patients over 15 years.

Purpose: Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is an autosomal dominant multi-organ vascular disorder that commonly affects the gastrointestinal tract and the liver resulting in telangiectasias and arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Previous studies looking at the prevalence of liver and abdominal organ involvement in HHT have been limited by differing imaging techniques and sample size limitations. We sought to define the prevalence of HHT related abdominal vascular abnormalities using optimized multiphasic contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography (CT) exams in a large cohort of HHT patients.

Updated Imaging Features of Dysplastic Cerebellar Gangliocytoma.

Objective: The aim of this study was to perform an updated review of the imaging features of dysplastic cerebellar gangliocytoma (DCG).

Methods: Imaging findings were retrospectively reviewed in 14 patients with DCG. The analysis included size, location, cyst formation, calcification, intralesional hemorrhage, enhancement pattern, and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC).

Neuroimaging abnormalities in patients with Cowden syndrome: Retrospective single-center study.

Background: We retrospectively reviewed the neuroimaging findings of patients with Cowden syndrome and determined their frequency in a single cohort.

Methods: Electronic medical records were queried from January 1999 to January 2017 to identify patients who fit the clinical criteria for diagnosis of Cowden syndrome with or without a documented mutation. Patients with brain MRI examinations were then identified.

Impact of Age on Outcomes in Hospitalized Patients with Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia.

Background: There is little published literature regarding the impact of age on outcomes amongst hospitalized HHT (hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia) patients.

Methods: The Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) was used to obtain data on all hospital discharges occurring in HHT patients from 2000 to 2012. The association between admission age and HHT-related complications and outcomes were studied.

Computed Tomography-Based Texture Analysis to Determine Human Papillomavirus Status of Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Objective: To determine whether machine learning can accurately classify human papillomavirus (HPV) status of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) using computed tomography (CT)-based texture analysis.

Methods: Texture analyses were retrospectively applied to regions of interest from OPSCC primary tumors on contrast-enhanced neck CT, and machine learning was used to create a model that classified HPV status with the highest accuracy. Results were compared against the blinded review of 2 neuroradiologists.

Hypoglossal Canal Lesions: Distinctive Imaging Features and Simple Diagnostic Algorithm.

Objective: The objective of this study is to compare the prevalence of hypoglossal canal lesions and identify differentiating imaging features.

Materials And Methods: A 15-year retrospective review of lesions of the hypoglossal nerve and hypoglossal canal, excluding those in patients with metastasis or prior head and neck cancer and those treated with radiation or surgery, was performed. Clinical findings and lesion imaging features were documented.

Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations Are Associated with Silent Brain Infarcts in Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia Patients.

Background And Purpose: There is a high prevalence of right-to-left shunting pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs), which are stroke risk factors, in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) patients. While the prevalence of ischemic complications in HHT patients is known, the prevalence of silent brain infarcts (SBI) remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors for SBI in HHT patients.

Effect of Center Volume on Outcomes in Hospitalized Patients With Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia.

Objective: To determine whether hospitalized patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) had better outcomes at high-volume treatment centers (HVCs).

Patients And Methods: The Nationwide Inpatient Sample (2000-2011) was used to identify HHT-related hospitalizations. Hospitals were classified based on quartiles of annual HHT discharge volume.

Prevalence and characteristics of brain arteriovenous malformations in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE Patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) are known to suffer from high rates of cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). The authors performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature examining prevalence rates, characteristics, and clinical presentation of cerebral AVMs in the HHT population. METHODS To identify studies on AVM prevalence and characteristics in the HHT population, 4 databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus and Web of Science) were searched by a reference librarian with over 30 years experience in systematic reviews and meta-analysis.

High Rates of Bleeding Complications among Hospitalized Patients with Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia in the United States.

Rationale: There is sparse published literature on the causes and outcomes of hospitalization of patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT).

Objectives: To evaluate rates of various complications, comorbidities, and in-hospital outcomes of patients with HHT using a large, multihospital inpatient database.

Methods: We identified patients with HHT in the U.

Giant Posterior Temporal Bone Arachnoid Granulations: CT and MRI Findings.

Objective: The radiologic appearance of arachnoid granulations (AGs) in typical locations is well established and they are rarely mistaken for other pathologies. However, when large and seen in atypical locations, such as along the posterior petrous bone, AGs can be a source of diagnostic and therapeutic confusion. We present two cases of giant posterior temporal bone AGs and review their clinical presentation, potential complications, and an imaging-based differential diagnosis.

Hypothalamic hamartoma with neurofibrillary tangles.

Hypothalamic hamartomas are rare tumors that typically present in childhood, often with gelastic seizures, precocious puberty, or as a manifestation of Pallister-Hall syndrome. Neurofibrillary tangles are cytoplasmic aggregates of hyperphosphorylated tau that are best recognized in Alzheimer disease, other tau-associated neurodegenerative diseases, or as part of aging, but occasionally may be seen in low-grade neoplasms with a ganglion cell component as gangliocytoma or ganglioglioma. Herein, we report a case of hypothalamic hamartoma with neurofibrillary tangles.