Transverse mobility of pelvic kidney causing left lower extremity deep venous thrombosis.

A case of May-Thurner-like syndrome was found to be a result of a pelvic kidney compressing the left common iliac vein. Cross-sectional imaging demonstrated transverse mobility of the pelvic kidney which has not been described previously. The ectopic kidney's mobility resulted in intermittent venous compression.

Cranial pathologies in a specimen of Pachycephalosaurus.

Background: A frontoparietal dome of a large pachycephalosaurid collected from the Upper Cretaceous Hell Creek Formation in 2001 is identified as Pachycephalosaurus wyomingensis. The specimen features two large oval depressions on the dorsal surface, accompanied by numerous circular pits on the margin and inner surface of the larger depressions.

Methodology/principal Findings: In order to identify the origin of these structures, computed tomography (CT) data and morphological characteristics of the specimen are analyzed and compared with similar osteological structures in fossil and extant archosaurs caused by taphonomic processes, non-pathologic bone resorption, and traumatic infection/inflammatory origins.