Canine mitral valve size as measured by computed tomography.

Objective: To measure the mitral annulus in dogs. Our hypothesis was that mitral measurement would be possible and consistent among observers using CT.

Sample: Thoracic CT scans of dogs without known heart disease.

Factors influencing enhancement timing in a triple-phase abdominal CT angiography protocol in dogs.

Objective: To evaluate the enhancement accuracy of a triple-phase abdominal CT angiography (CTA) protocol in dogs and explore the patient, scan, and contrast parameters associated with accuracy of enhancement.

Animals: 233 client-owned dogs that underwent routine abdominal CTA.

Procedures: During each CTA study, the subjective timing accuracy (early, ideal, late) of the 3 obtained vascular phases (arterial, venous, delayed) was scored by consensus (2 reviewers) at 4 target organs (liver, pancreas, left kidney, and spleen).

Canine sciatic and gluteal lymph nodes can be identified with computed tomography.

Sciatic and gluteal lymph nodes are present in multiple veterinary species, but these lymph nodes are explicitly stated to be absent in dogs. However, structures compatible with lymph nodes have been identified in the appropriate locations in some canine patients undergoing abdominopelvic CT, and the presence of such lymph nodes may have prognostic and therapeutic ramifications in canine patients with abdominopelvic disease. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and characteristics of sciatic and gluteal lymph nodes in dogs on CT.

Computed tomography radiomic features hold prognostic utility for canine lung tumors: An analytical study.

Quantitative analysis of computed tomography (CT) radiomic features is an indirect measure of tumor heterogeneity, which has been associated with prognosis in human lung carcinoma. Canine lung tumors share similar features to human lung tumors and serve as a model in which to investigate the utility of radiomic features in differentiating tumor type and prognostication. The purpose of this study was to correlate first-order radiomic features from canine pulmonary tumors to histopathologic characteristics and outcome.

Use of Educational Puzzles for Learning Concepts of Clinical Diagnostic Imaging in Veterinary Medicine.

Learning the concepts of clinical radiology, including lesion identification and formulation of differential diagnosis lists, can be challenging for veterinary students. A series of educational puzzles with an overarching narrative was developed to help students learn the fundamental concepts of urogenital, thoracic, and spine imaging. Third-year veterinary students had the opportunity to use as many of the puzzles as they wished as a part of their studies in a semester-long imaging course, and students completed surveys to indicate which puzzle sections they used and provide their opinions of the activities.

Percutaneous transhepatic cholecystostomy drainage in a dog with extrahepatic biliary obstruction secondary to pancreatitis.

Case Description: An 8-year-old 36.3-kg (79.9-lb) spayed female Rottweiler was evaluated because of anorexia and vomiting.

Evaluation of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging at 3.0 Tesla for differentiation between intracranial neoplastic and noninfectious inflammatory lesions in dogs.

Objective: To evaluate the utility of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and fractional anisotropy (FA) values obtained by diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) at 3.0 T for differentiating intracranial neoplastic lesions from noninfectious inflammatory lesions (NIILs) in dogs.

Animals: 54 dogs that met inclusion criteria (ie, had a histologically confirmed intracranial lesion and DWI of the brain performed) with 5 lesion types: meningioma [n = 18], glioma [14], metastatic hemangiosarcoma [3], other metastatic neoplasms [5], and NIIL [14]).

Twitter in the Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging Classroom: Examination Outcomes and Student Views.

Radiographic lesion identification and differential diagnosis list generation can be difficult for veterinary students; thus, a novel means of distributing cases for study could improve students' engagement and learning. The goal of this study was to determine whether using Twitter as an adjunct means of studying diagnostic imaging would improve student outcomes on the final exam for a radiology course. A secondary goal was to determine students' preferred means of accessing additional cases for study.

Evaluation of canine hepatic masses by use of triphasic computed tomography and B-mode, color flow, power, and pulsed-wave Doppler ultrasonography and correlation with histopathologic classification.

OBJECTIVE To determine clinical relevance for quantitative and qualitative features of canine hepatic masses evaluated by use of triphasic CT and B-mode, color flow, power, and pulsed-wave Doppler ultrasonography and to compare diagnostic accuracy of these modalities for predicting mass type on the basis of histopathologic classification. ANIMALS 44 client-owned dogs. PROCEDURES Dogs with histopathologic confirmation (needle core, punch, or excisional biopsy) of a hepatic mass were enrolled.

Examination Outcomes Following Use of Card Games for Learning Radiographic Image Quality in Veterinary Medicine.

Understanding the concepts of radiographic image quality and artifact formation can be difficult for veterinary students. Two educational card games were previously developed to help students learn about factors affecting contrast and blackness as well as radiographic artifacts. Second-year veterinary students played one of the two card games as a part of their normal studies for their veterinary imaging course and later took the radiographic physics quiz normally administered during the course.

Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of the brain of neurologically normal dogs.

Unlabelled: OBJECTIVE To acquire MRI diffusion data (apparent diffusion coefficient [ADC] and fractional anisotropy [FA] values, including separate measures for gray and white matter) at 3.0 T for multiple locations of the brain of neurologically normal dogs.

Animals: 13 neurologically normal dogs recruited from a group of patients undergoing tibial plateau leveling osteotomy.

Evaluation of 18-F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) as a staging and monitoring tool for dogs with stage-2 splenic hemangiosarcoma - A pilot study.

Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography (PET-CT) is routinely used for staging and monitoring of human cancer patients and is becoming increasingly available in veterinary medicine. In this study, 18-fluorodeoxyglucose (18FDG)-PET-CT was used in dogs with naturally occurring splenic hemangiosarcoma (HSA) to assess its utility as a staging and monitoring modality as compared to standard radiography and ultrasonography. Nine dogs with stage-2 HSA underwent 18FDG-PET-CT following splenectomy and prior to commencement of chemotherapy.

Ureteral obstruction secondary to disseminated penicilliosis in a German shepherd dog.

Abdominal ultrasonographic evaluation of a 2-year-old male German shepherd dog evaluated for weight loss demonstrated a right ureteral mass with ipsilateral hydronephrosis, hypoechoic splenic nodules, and hypoechoic and rounded lymph nodes. A fungal mat extending from the renal pelvis into the ureter secondary to disseminated was confirmed at necropsy.

USE OF A NOVEL BOARD GAME IN A CLINICAL ROTATION FOR LEARNING THORACIC DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES IN VETERINARY MEDICAL IMAGING.

When confronted with various findings on thoracic radiographs, fourth-year veterinary students often have difficulty generating appropriate lists of differential diagnoses. The purpose of this one-group, pretest, posttest experimental study was to determine if a game could be used as an adjunct teaching method to improve students' understanding of connections between imaging findings and differential diagnoses. A novel board game focusing on differential diagnoses in thoracic radiography was developed.

Novel Card Games for Learning Radiographic Image Quality and Urologic Imaging in Veterinary Medicine.

Second-year veterinary students are often challenged by concepts in veterinary radiology, including the fundamentals of image quality and generation of differential lists. Four card games were developed to provide veterinary students with a supplemental means of learning about radiographic image quality and differential diagnoses in urogenital imaging. Students played these games and completed assessments of their subject knowledge before and after playing.

Multivoxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of inflammatory and neoplastic lesions of the canine brain at 3.0 T.

Objective: To describe findings of 3.0-T multivoxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) in dogs with inflammatory and neoplastic intracranial disease and to determine the applicability of (1)H-MRS for differentiating between inflammatory and neoplastic lesions and between meningiomas and gliomas.

Animals: 33 dogs with intracranial disease (19 neoplastic [10 meningioma, 7 glioma, and 2 other] and 14 inflammatory).

Relative metabolite concentrations and ratios determined by use of 3-T region-specific proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the brain of healthy Beagles.

Objective: To determine relative concentrations of selected major brain tissue metabolites and their ratios and lobar variations by use of 3-T proton (hydrogen 1 [(1)H]) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) of the brain of healthy dogs.

Animals: 10 healthy Beagles.

Procedures: 3-T (1)H MRS at echo times of 144 and 35 milliseconds was performed on 5 transverse slices and 1 sagittal slice of representative brain lobe regions.

Ultrasound criteria and guided fine-needle aspiration diagnostic yields in small animal peritoneal, mesenteric and omental disease.

Peritoneal, mesenteric, and omental diseases are important causes of morbidity and mortality in humans and animals, although information in the veterinary literature is limited. The purposes of this retrospective study were to determine whether objectively applied ultrasound interpretive criteria are statistically useful in differentiating among cytologically defined normal, inflammatory, and neoplastic peritoneal conditions in dogs and cats. A second goal was to determine the cytologically interpretable yield on ultrasound-guided, fine-needle sampling of peritoneal, mesenteric, or omental structures.

Optimizing a protocol for (1) H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the canine brain at 3T.

Intracranial diseases are common in dogs and improved noninvasive diagnostic tests are needed. Magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy is a technique used in conjunction with conventional MR imaging to characterize focal and diffuse pathology, especially in the brain. As with conventional MR imaging, there are numerous technical factors that must be considered to optimize image quality.

Bilateral choanal atresia in a cat.

A 7-month-old female spayed domestic shorthair cat was presented for investigation of stertor, open mouth breathing without apparent distress, and chronic bilateral nasal discharge that was unresponsive to antibiotics. Complete bilateral bony choanal atresia was diagnosed with computed tomography and nasopharyngoscopy. Choanal atresia is an uncommon congenital condition where the choana (nasal passage into the nasopharynx) is blocked by abnormal bone or soft tissue uni- or bilaterally.

The use of delayed gadolinium enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage and T2 mapping to evaluate articular cartilage in the normal canine elbow.

Commonly used diagnostic tools used to evaluate articular cartilage lack the sensitivity, specificity, and objectivity to measure early changes associated with osteoarthritis. Two techniques using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging have been developed to detect the biology of articular cartilage are delayed gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging of cartilage (dGEMRIC) and T2 mapping. Both techniques have been validated and are used to study the degenerative and adaptive nature of articular cartilage in people.

Modeling of the spread of infection in the interdigital spaces of the manus in limbs from clinically normal dogs.

Objective: To determine whether the pattern of extension of modeled infection from the interdigital web spaces in dogs is predictable and whether the distribution differs among initial injury sites.

Sample Population: Thawed frozen forelimbs from 23 cadavers of previously healthy adult medium- to large-breed dogs.

Procedures: The manus of each forelimb was evaluated by use of computed tomography (CT) before and after injection of radiopaque blue-staining contrast medium into the interdigital web spaces.

Computed tomographic and cross-sectional anatomic characterization of myofascial compartments and soft tissue spaces in the manus in cadavers of dogs without forelimb disease.

Objective: To characterize the computed tomographic (CT) and cross-sectional anatomic features of myofascial compartments and soft tissue spaces in the manus of cadavers of dogs without forelimb disease.

Animals: 33 cadavers of adult medium- to large-breed dogs without forelimb disease.

Procedures: Forelimbs were removed from the cadavers within 4 hours after euthanasia or within 6 hours after thawing from initial freezing.

Computed tomographic, magnetic resonance imaging, and cross-sectional anatomic features of the manus in cadavers of dogs without forelimb disease.

OBJECTIVE-To provide a detailed description of cross-sectional anatomic structures of the manus in canine cadavers in association with corresponding features in computed tomographic (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) images. SAMPLE POPULATION-7 cadavers of adult large-breed-type dogs (weight range, 25 to 30 kg) without forelimb disease. PROCEDURES-Forelimbs were removed from the cadavers within 4 hours after euthanasia and frozen.