Olfactory-Related Adverse Events: An Analysis of the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Events Reporting System.

Objective: Olfactory dysfunction has gained considerable interest with its association to the coronavirus pandemic. Due to the limited literature on olfactory-related adverse events (ORAE) associated with medications, this study investigated ORAE reported in the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) to identify the most frequent medications associated with these reactions.

Study Design: Cross-sectional analysis SETTING: FAERS database.

Quantifying the effect of shoulder size on operation duration: an analysis of stapes surgery outcomes.

Objective: To investigate the effect of body mass index on hearing outcomes, operative time and complication rates following stapes surgery.

Method: This is a five-year retrospective review of 402 charts from a single tertiary otology referral centre from 2015 to 2020.

Results: When the patient's shoulder was adjacent to the surgeon's dominant hand, the average operative time of 40 minutes increased to 70 minutes because of a significant positive association between higher body mass index and longer operative times (normal body mass index group (<25 kg/m) r = 0.

Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss: A Case-Control Study.

Objective: To investigate the role of cardiovascular risk factors (specifically hypertension [HTN], hyperlipidemia/dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus I and II, and body mass index (BMI) on the development of sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL).

Study Design: Case-control retrospective chart review.

Setting: A tertiary referral center.

Regulation of Gonad Morphogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster by BTB Family Transcription Factors.

During embryogenesis, primordial germ cells (PGCs) and somatic gonadal precursor cells (SGPs) migrate and coalesce to form the early gonad. A failure of the PGCs and SGPs to form a gonad with the proper architecture not only affects germ cell development, but can also lead to infertility. Therefore, it is critical to identify the molecular mechanisms that function within both the PGCs and SGPs to promote gonad morphogenesis.