The Surgeon as a Professional: Changes and Challenges Over Time.

Objective: In this article, we seek to use a case-study discussion of a woman seeking treatment guidance for an elective, complex surgical ailment to discuss how professionalism has changed within the past century and where it may be headed with specific regard for the medical profession and surgeons.

Background: Traditionally, professionals were those who possessed a certain knowledge base, committed to an ╗altruistic mission through serving the general populace while adhering to certain performance standards that were established by other members of the field. In the 20th century, we saw certain abuses from those who held positions of power within medicine including the Tuskegee Syphilis and Nuremberg trials calling into question the trust the public has placed within professional actors.

The safety of hepatectomy after transarterial radioembolization: Single institution experience and review of the literature.

Background And Objectives: The liver is a frequent site of malignancy, both primary and metastatic. The treatment goal of patients with liver cancer may include transarterial radioembolization (TARE). There are limited reports on the safety of hepatectomy following TARE.

Comparison of Response and Outcomes of Drug-eluting Bead Chemoembolization (DEB-TACE) Radioembolization (TARE) for Patients With Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases.

Background: To compare outcomes for patients with colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRCLM) treated by drug-eluting bead chemoembolization (DEB-TACE) or radioembolization (TARE).

Patients And Methods: A single-center retrospective review was carried out on 202 patients with CRCLM, treated by DEB-TACE (n=47) or TARE (n=155) patients. Propensity-matching yielded 44 pairs.

Radiofrequency Ablation . Cryoablation for Localized Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Propensity-matched Population Study.

Background/aim: To compare overall survival (OS) and liver cancer-specific survival (LCSS) of Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) database patients treated with cryoablation (cryo) or radiofrequency ablation (RFA).

Materials And Methods: This was a retrospective review of Stage I or II HCC patients from the SEER database treated with cryo and RFA from 2004-2013. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regressions were performed on pooled and propensity-matched cohort.

SEER study of ablation versus partial nephrectomy in cT1A renal cell carcinoma.

Aim: Compare ablation versus partial nephrectomy (PN) in T1A renal cell carcinoma (RCC) treatment, using the SEER database.

Methods: Patients with diagnosed T1A RCC from 2004 to 2013 were identified. Propensity matching paired subjects with similar background variables.

Liver-dominant Breast Cancer Metastasis: A Comparative Outcomes Study of Chemoembolization Radioembolization.

Aim: To compare toxicity, response, and survival outcomes of patients with hepatic metastases from breast cancer who underwent transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) or radioembolization (TARE).

Materials And Methods: A retrospective review was carried out of all patients who underwent TACE or TARE for liver-dominant breast cancer metastases between January 2006 and March 2016 at an academic medical center in the United States.

Results: Seventeen patients in the TACE group and 30 patients in the TARE group received 32 TACE and 49 TARE treatments, respectively.

Survival comparison of hepatocellular carcinoma patients treated with radioembolization versus nonoperative/interventional treatment.

Aim: To compare the overall survival (OS) and liver cancer-specific survival of advanced-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients who received transarterial radioembolization (TARE) with those who received nonoperative/interventional treatment (NOT).

Materials & Methods: A total of 12,520 HCC patients from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database were categorized by treatment with either radioembolization or NOT. Kaplan-Meier and multivariate Cox regression were conducted.

Thermal ablation versus surgical resection for localized hepatocellular carcinoma: a population study using the SEER database.

Aim: To compare overall survival (OS) and liver cancer-specific survival (LCSS) in patients with localized hepatocellular carcinoma treated with surgical resection (SR) or thermal ablation (TA) using the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database.

Materials & Methods: Kaplan-Meier, competing risk and Cox regression analyses were performed after identifying patients. Propensity score matching was then applied.

Chemoembolization versus radioembolization for the treatment of unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in a single institution image-based efficacy and comparative toxicity.

Aim: Compare radioembolization (Y90) and chemoembolization (CE) for the treatment of unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (UICC).

Materials & Methods: Institutional Review Board-approved, retrospective search was performed. Forty patients with UICC were treated with either Y90 (n = 25, 39 treatments) or CE (n = 15, 35 treatments).