Induction of epithelial to mesenchymal transition in HPV16 E6/E7 oncogene transfected C33A cell line.

This study focuses on the induction of EMT by HPV16 in the C33A cell line. Expression of β-catenin, EMT-transcription factors (EMT-TFs), and c-myc in the nuclei of HPV16 E6/E7 oncogene transfected and non-transfected C33A cells were investigated through immunofluorescence and RT-PCR. Microphotographs of β-catenin, c-myc, and DAPI-stained nuclei were processed and analyzed by Python and ImageJ respectively.

Association of Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus With Human Breast Cancer: Histology, Immunohistochemistry and Polymerase Chain Reaction Analyses.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine whether mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV)-associated human breast cancer has the same or similar histology to MMTV-associated mouse mammary tumors. Such associations may indicate a role for MMTV in human breast cancer.

Methods: Immunohistochemical techniques (using antibodies directed against the signal peptide p14 of the envelope precursor protein of MMTV) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses were used to identify MMTV proteins and MMTV-like envelope gene sequences in a series of breast cancers from Australian women.

High risk human papilloma viruses (HPVs) are present in benign prostate tissues before development of HPV associated prostate cancer.

Background: Although high risk HPVs are associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer it is not known if they have a causal role. The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential role of human papilloma viruses (HPVs) in prostate cancer. The aims are (i) to investigate the presence and confirm the identity of high risk HPVs in benign prostate tissues prior to the development of HPV positive prostate cancer in the same patients, and (ii) to determine if HPVs are biologically active.

Human Papilloma Virus Identification in Breast Cancer Patients with Previous Cervical Neoplasia.

Purpose: Women with human papilloma virus (HPV)-associated cervical neoplasia have a higher risk of developing breast cancer than the general female population. The purpose of this study was to (i) identify high-risk HPVs in cervical neoplasia and subsequent HPV positive breast cancers which developed in the same patients and (ii) determine if these HPVs were biologically active.

Methods: A range of polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical techniques were used to conduct a retrospective cohort study of cervical precancers and subsequent breast cancers in the same patients.

Human Papilloma Viruses and Breast Cancer.

Purpose: Human papillomaviruses (HPV) may have a role in some breast cancers. The purpose of this study is to fill important gaps in the evidence. These gaps are: (i) confirmation of the presence of high risk for cancer HPVs in breast cancers, (ii) evidence of HPV infections in benign breast tissues prior to the development of HPV-positive breast cancer in the same patients, (iii) evidence that HPVs are biologically active and not harmless passengers in breast cancer.

Early Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) Oncogenic Influences in Breast Cancer.

Background: Human papilloma viruses (HPVs) may act early in breast oncogenesis ("hit-and-run" phenomena).

Methods: The authors used immunohistochemistry for the identification of HPV E7 oncogenic protein expression in 32 sets of benign and subsequent breast cancer specimens from the same Australian patients.

Results: HPV E7 oncoprotein was clearly expressed in the nuclei of 23 (72%) of the 32 benign specimens and 20 (62.

Identification of Human Papilloma Viruses in Atheromatous Coronary Artery Disease.

Objective: To identify human papilloma viruses (HPV) in atheromatous coronary arteries.

Background: Atheromatous arterial disease is primarily an initial inflammatory response to unknown stimuli. The crucial question is "what causes the initial inflammation in atheromatous disease?" HPV infections may be relevant as US women with vaginal, high risk for cancer, HPV infections, are at up to threefold increased risk of cardiovascular disease as compared with vaginal HPV-negative women.