Primary Care Clinicians' Views of Parents' Roles in Clinical Preventive Services for Adolescents.

Introduction: This study examines primary care clinicians' (PCCs) views of parents' roles in adolescent preventive services, and strategies they use to engage with a wide range of parents.

Method: Using a generic qualitative approach, researchers conducted semistructured interviews with a purposive sample of PCCs (n = 25) from urban and rural Minnesota communities. Interviews explored PCCs' experiences and perspectives on multiple topics, including parents' roles in adolescent care.

Adolescent, parent, and provider attitudes toward a machine learning based clinical decision support system for selecting treatment for youth depression.

Background: Machine learning based clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) have been proposed as a means of advancing personalized treatment planning for disorders, such as depression, that have a multifaceted etiology, course, and symptom profile. However, machine learning based models for treatment selection are rare in the field of psychiatry. They have also not yet been translated for use in clinical practice.

Adolescent, parent, and provider attitudes toward a machine-learning based clinical decision support system for selecting treatment for youth depression.

Background: Machine-learning based clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) have been proposed as a means of advancing personalized treatment planning for disorders, such as depression, that have a multifaceted etiology, course, and symptom profile. However, machine-learning based models for treatment selection are rare in the field of psychiatry. They have also not yet been translated for use in clinical practice.

Multiple Perspectives on Motivating Parents in Pediatric Primary Care to Initiate Participation in Parenting Programs.

Objective: To use multiple perspectives to identify the key components of pediatric primary care conversations for motivating parents to utilize parenting programs. We aim to develop an actionable framework that primary care clinicians (PCCs) can follow for effective conversations with parents.

Methods: We conducted focus groups and interviews with researchers (n = 6) who have experience delivering parenting interventions through primary care, clinical personnel in federally qualified health centers (FQHCs) (n = 9), parents of 3-5-year olds who receive services at a FQHC pediatric clinic (n = 6), and parent educators (n = 5).

An example of implementing a safety protocol in remote intervention and survey research with college students.

Introduction: This article draws attention to the need for open evaluation and reporting on safety protocols in survey and intervention research. We describe a protocol for responding to those who indicate increased risk of self-harm (i.e.

How is Time Alone Introduced? Experiences and Preferences of Adolescents and Parents.

Purpose: Time alone between health care providers and adolescent patients is a core element of quality adolescent primary care, yet not all adolescents receive this care. Clinicians' apprehension about how best to introduce time alone may contribute to lower levels of time alone. This study aims to understand how adolescent patients and their parents or guardians experience the introduction of time alone during adolescent preventive visits.

Provider Facilitation of Parent-Adolescent Health Communication: Findings From a National Survey.

Introduction: Primary care providers are well-positioned to facilitate parent-adolescent health communication. We examined provider-facilitated parent-adolescent health communication prevalence and associations with parent-adolescent health communication.

Method: Using data from a national survey of parent-adolescent dyads (n = 853), we calculated the prevalence of provider-facilitated parent-adolescent health communication about 11 topics as a result of adolescent's last preventive visit.

Development of a Shelter-based Health Empowerment Program for Pregnant and Parenting Youth Experiencing Homelessness.

Background: Pregnancy and parenthood are common among youth experiencing homelessness and are associated with significant health risk for both parent and child. Yet, little is known regarding how to best promote health among this vulnerable population.

Objectives: To understand stakeholder perceptions of needs and factors required for successful implementation of a shelter-based health empowerment program for pregnant and parenting youth experiencing homelessness and their children.

Opportunities to Improve Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health Services in Primary Care Clinics.

Primary care providers are well positioned to address the sexual and reproductive health (SRH) needs of adolescents; however, gaps often exist in the delivery of quality SRH services in primary care. Our objective was to identify specific opportunities to improve the delivery of adolescent SRH services in primary care. We conducted in-depth interviews with 25 primary care providers from various disciplines across rural and urban areas of Minnesota and conducted thematic analysis of transcribed data.

35-Year-Old Parents Do Not Approve of 17-Year-Olds' Cigarette, Marijuana, or Alcohol Use: U.S. National Data 1993-2018.

Purpose: Parents' attitudes about adolescent substance use likely guide their parenting behaviors. This study documents prevalence of parents' disapproval of adolescent substance use and characteristics associated with disapproval.

Methods: Survey data from national samples of 35-year-old parents from the U.

Feasibility of a novel, brief parenting intervention in primary care clinics.

Introduction: Primary care provides a nonstigmatizing service setting in which parents routinely seek care and advice related to their children's behavior. To make care truly accessible for all families, multiple methods and approaches should be available, including brief interventions. The objective of this project was to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of a novel brief program called Behavior Checker.

Parents' Sources of Adolescent Sexual Health Information and Their Interest in Resources From Primary Care.

Objective: To examine sources of information used by parents to facilitate parent-adolescent communication about sexual and reproductive health (SRH), parents' preferences for receiving SRH information through primary care, and factors associated with parents' interest in primary-care-based SRH information (ie, resources recommended or offered in the primary care setting).

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a nationally representative sample of 11-17-year-old adolescents and their parents (n = 1005 dyads) were surveyed online; 993 were retained for these analyses. Parents were asked about their use of 11 resources to help them talk with their adolescents about SRH and rated the likelihood of using specific primary-care-based resources.

Main outcomes of M-bridge: A sequential multiple assignment randomized trial (SMART) for developing an adaptive preventive intervention for college drinking.

The goal was to develop a universal and resource-efficient adaptive preventive intervention (API) for incoming first-year students as a bridge to indicated interventions to address alcohol-related risks. The aims were to examine: (a) API versus assessment-only control, (b) the different APIs (i.e.

Post-Identification Approaches to Addressing Health-Related Social Needs in Primary Care: A Qualitative Study.

Background: Social determinants of health play a fundamental role in a patient's health status. In recent years, health systems across the nation have implemented numerous strategies aimed at identifying and addressing the health-related social needs of the patients they serve. Despite the influx of peer-reviewed research highlighting outcomes of specific health-related social needs interventions, the spectrum of practices utilized by primary care clinics has not been established.

Sexual and Reproductive Health Discussions During Preventive Visits.

Objectives: To quantify adolescent- and parent-perceived importance of provider-adolescent discussions about sexual and reproductive health (SRH), describe prevalence of provider confidentiality practices and provider-adolescent discussions about SRH topics during preventive visits, and identify missed opportunities for such conversations.

Methods: We used data from a national Internet survey of 11- to 17-year-old adolescents and their parents. Data were weighted to represent the noninstitutionalized US adolescent population.

Association between COVID-19-related loneliness or worry and symptoms of anxiety and depression among first-year college students.

Objective: To examine the relationship between COVID-19-related distress and mental health among first-year college students.

Participants: Data for this longitudinal study (n = 727) were collected before the school year (August 2019), end of fall semester (December 2019), and soon after the university suspended in-person instruction (April 2020).

Methods: We used multivariable log-linear and logistic regressions to examine continuous and dichotomous outcomes on the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire and the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale.

Binge drinking before and after a COVID-19 campus closure among first-year college students.

Purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic is associated with reports of increased substance use. College students are a population of concern for high risk binge drinking and their behavior may be particularly impacted by COVID-19 campus closures. Therefore, we examine first-year college students' binge drinking soon after their university's pandemic-related suspension of in-person operations.

Key Subgroup Differences in Age-Related Change From 18 to 55 in Alcohol and Marijuana Use: U.S. National Data.

Objective: This study examined age-related change in alcohol use, marijuana use, and the association between the two, from ages 18 to 55, in a national longitudinal sample.

Method: Data were from national Monitoring the Future study participants (N = 11,888) who were high school seniors in 1976-1980 and were eligible to respond to the age 55 survey in 2013-2017. Time-varying effect modeling was used to model past-30-day prevalence and associations between alcohol and marijuana across ages 18-55, overall and by sex, race/ethnicity, and college attendance.

The impact of alcohol misuse on fathering in Northern Uganda: An ethnographic study of fathers.

The Acholi people of northern Uganda experienced decades of conflict. Alcohol misuse is high among northern Ugandan men. This is common in displaced or post-war communities.

Prevalence of Spanking in US National Samples of 35-Year-Old Parents From 1993 to 2017.

This survey study examines the prevalence of spanking among US parents aged 35 years with children aged 2 to 12 years from 1993 to 2017.

Alcohol use among 10th-graders: Distinguishing between high-intensity drinking and other levels of use.

Introduction: Drinking at levels beyond standard binge drinking thresholds poses particularly high risks to youth. Few studies have examined high-intensity drinking (HID; 10+ drinks in a row) in high school students and none have tested whether peer drunkenness and parental knowledge (e.g.

Understanding Primary Care Providers' Perceptions and Practices in Implementing Confidential Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health Services.

Purpose: Substantial gaps exist between professional guidelines and practice around confidential adolescent services, including private time between health-care providers and adolescents. Efforts to provide quality sexual and reproductive health services (SRHS) require an understanding of barriers and facilitators to care from the perspectives of primary care providers working with adolescents and their parents.

Methods: We conducted structured qualitative interviews with a purposive sample of pediatricians, family physicians, and nurse practitioners (n = 25) from urban and rural Minnesota communities with higher and lower rates of adolescent pregnancy.